std::regex_replace

来自cppreference.com
<tbody> </tbody>
在标头 <regex> 定义
template< class OutputIt, class BidirIt, class Traits, class CharT, class STraits, class SAlloc > OutputIt regex_replace( OutputIt out, BidirIt first, BidirIt last, const std::basic_regex<CharT, Traits>& re, const std::basic_string<CharT, STraits, SAlloc>& fmt, std::regex_constants::match_flag_type flags = std::regex_constants::match_default );
(1) (C++11 起)
template< class OutputIt, class BidirIt, class Traits, class CharT > OutputIt regex_replace( OutputIt out, BidirIt first, BidirIt last, const std::basic_regex<CharT, Traits>& re, const CharT* fmt, std::regex_constants::match_flag_type flags = std::regex_constants::match_default );
(2) (C++11 起)
template< class Traits, class CharT, class STraits, class SAlloc, class FTraits, class FAlloc > std::basic_string<CharT, STraits, SAlloc> regex_replace( const std::basic_string<CharT, STraits, SAlloc>& str, const std::basic_regex<CharT, Traits>& re, const std::basic_string<CharT, FTraits, FAlloc>& fmt, std::regex_constants::match_flag_type flags = std::regex_constants::match_default );
(3) (C++11 起)
template< class Traits, class CharT, class STraits, class SAlloc > std::basic_string<CharT, STraits, SAlloc> regex_replace( const std::basic_string<CharT, STraits, SAlloc>& str, const std::basic_regex<CharT, Traits>& re, const CharT* fmt, std::regex_constants::match_flag_type flags = std::regex_constants::match_default );
(4) (C++11 起)
template< class Traits, class CharT, class STraits, class SAlloc > std::basic_string<CharT> regex_replace( const CharT* s, const std::basic_regex<CharT, Traits>& re, const std::basic_string<CharT, STraits, SAlloc>& fmt, std::regex_constants::match_flag_type flags = std::regex_constants::match_default );
(5) (C++11 起)
template< class Traits, class CharT > std::basic_string<CharT> regex_replace( const CharT* s, const std::basic_regex<CharT, Traits>& re, const CharT* fmt, std::regex_constants::match_flag_type flags = std::regex_constants::match_default );
(6) (C++11 起)

regex_replace 用正则表达式 re 进行目标字符序列的替换:

1,2) 复制范围 [firstlast) 中的字符到 out,以 fmt 所格式化的字符替换任何匹配 re 的序列。等价于:
using iter_type = std::regex_iterator<BidirIt, CharT, Traits>;
iter_type seq_begin(first, last, re, flags), seq_end;

using result_type = std::match_results<BidirIt>;
result_type m;

bool need_to_copy = (flags & std::regex_constants::format_no_copy) == 0;
bool format_all = (flags & std::regex_constants::format_first_only) != 0;

for (iter_type i = seq_begin; i != seq.end(); ++i)
{
    m = *i;
    if (need_to_copy)
        out = std::copy(m.prefix().first, m.prefix().second, out);
    if (format_all || i == seq_begin)
        out = /* 替换表达式 */
}

if (need_to_copy)
    out = m.ready()
              ? std::copy(m.suffix().first, m.suffix().second, out)
              : std::copy(first, last, out);

return out;
1) 表达式 /* 替换表达式 */m.format(out, fmt, flags)
2) 表达式 /* 替换表达式 */m.format(out, fmt, fmt + std::char_traits<CharT>::length(fmt), flags)
3,4) 等价于 std::basic_string<CharT, STraits, SAlloc> result;
regex_replace(std::back_inserter(result),
str.begin(), str.end(), re, fmt, flags);
return result;
5,6) 等价于 std::basic_string<CharT, STraits, SAlloc> result;
regex_replace(std::back_inserter(result),
s, s + std::char_traits<CharT>::length(s), re, fmt, flags);
return result;

参数

first, last - 目标字符范围
str - 目标 std::basic_string
s - 目标 C 风格字符串
re - 正则表达式
fmt - 正则表达式替换格式字符串,确切的语法取决于 flags 的值
flags - 用于确定将如何进行匹配的标志
out - 存储替换结果的输出迭代器

返回值

如上所述。

异常

可能抛出指示错误条件std::regex_error

示例

#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <regex>
#include <string>

int main()
{
    std::string text = "Quick brown fox";
    std::regex vowel_re("a|e|i|o|u");
    
    // 写结果到输出迭代器
    std::regex_replace(std::ostreambuf_iterator<char>(std::cout),
                       text.begin(), text.end(), vowel_re, "*");
    
    // 构造保有结果的字符串
    std::cout << '\n' << std::regex_replace(text, vowel_re, "[$&]") << '\n';
}

输出:

Q**ck br*wn f*x
Q[u][i]ck br[o]wn f[o]x

缺陷报告

下列更改行为的缺陷报告追溯地应用于以前出版的 C++ 标准。

缺陷报告 应用于 出版时的行为 正确行为
LWG 2213 C++11 替换操作不会更新 out 会更新 out

参阅

尝试匹配一个正则表达式到字符序列的任何部分
(函数模板) [编辑]
特定于匹配的选项
(typedef) [编辑]
替换字符串的指定部分
(std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator> 的公开成员函数) [编辑]