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Tang Ying’s Oversight of Porcelain Affairs

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A Brief History of Chinese Imperial Porcelain

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Abstract

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On the starry sky of the cultural legacy spanning the one hundred years of the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong reigns, a group of shining stars emerged in the field of culture. Among them were the literary figure Cao Xueqin (1710–1765), the historian Huang Zongxi (1610–1695), the Confucian scholar Yan Ruqiu (1636–1704), and the porcelain expert Tang Ying (1682–1756), among others. At the intersection of Chinese porcelain history and world porcelain history, Tang Ying not only held the esteemed position as the foremost artisan of Chinese imperial kilns for a millennium but also stood out as a master in the history of world ceramics.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Tang Ying Zhuan 唐英传 (Bibliography of Tang Ying). In Qing Shi Gao 清史稿 (Draft History of Qing), vol. 505. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. 1977.

  2. 2.

    Baqi manzhou shizu tongpu 八旗满洲氏族通谱 (Complete Genealogies of the Clans and Families of the Manchu Eight Banners), vol. 78. Shenyang: Liao Shen Publishing House, 1989.

  3. 3.

    Author’s Note: In the Qing Dynasty, those who were registered in the banner system were called “Qiren (people registered in the banner)”, while those who were not registered were called “Minren (the common people who were not registered in the banner)”. The term Qiren cannot be used as “Qimin” due to the different connotations between the characters “Qi” and “Min”.

  4. 4.

    Qi Fen Zhi 旗分志 (Records of Banner Categories). In Qinding Baqi Tongzhi 钦定八旗通志 (Complete records of the Eight Banner [the version of the Qianlong reign]), vol. 5, Siku Quanshu, Wenjin Ge-edition.

  5. 5.

    Qinggong Neiwufu Zaobanchu Ge Zuocheng Huoji Qingdang 清宫内务府造办处各作成做活计清档 (Qing Archive Orders Completed by the Construction Office, the Imperial Household Department), collected in the First Historical Archives of China (Beijing).

  6. 6.

    Tang, Ying (Qing dynasty). Ti Luomeixian Hua Shanshui Xiaoba 题罗梅仙画山水小跋 (A preface and postscript on the painting landscapes). Tang Ying Quanji 唐英全集 (Complete Works of Tang Ying). Beijing: Xueyuan Publishing House, 2008.

  7. 7.

    Tang Ying Zhuan 唐英传 (Bibliography of Tang Ying). In Qing Shi Gao Zhu 清史稿注 (Annotation of Draft History of Qing), vol. 505. Taipei: Zhonghua Book Company. 1977.

  8. 8.

    Tang, Ying (Qing dynasty). Ciwu Shiyi Shiyigao Xu 瓷务事宜示谕稿序 (Preface to the Decrees on Porcelain Affairs). Tang Ying Dutao Wendang 唐英督陶文档 (Documents on Tang Ying’s Supervision of Porcelain). Beijing: Xueyuan Publishing House, 2012.

  9. 9.

    Qing, Chenqun (Qing dynasty). Xaingshuzhai Shi Wen Ji 香树斋诗文集 (Collections of Poetry at Xiangshuzhai Study). In Qingdai Shiwenji Huiji 清代诗文集汇编 (Compilation of Poetry in the Qing Dynasty). Shanghai: Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House, 2010.

  10. 10.

    Translator’s note: the two seals with inscriptions of “Jincheng 金成” and “Xuying 旭映” together mean that the success of falangcai painting exerts significant impacts on ceramics, as if the morning sun is shining brightly.

  11. 11.

    Translator’s Note: Pipa refers to a Chinese stringed musical instrument with a fretted fingerboard.

  12. 12.

    Fu, Zhenlun & Zhen, Li, Tang Ying. Tang Ying Ciwu Nianpu Changbian 唐英瓷务年谱长编 (Extended Continuation to Chronical of Tang Ying’s Supervision of Porcelain Affairs). Jingdezhen Ceramics (2), 1982.

  13. 13.

    Translator’s Note: here “a poem on the wren” refers to the renowned poem “On Wren” by Zhang Hua (232–300), a Chinese poet and politician of the Western Jin dynasty (266–316) and the preceding state of Cao Wei (220–266). Zhang wrote this poem ostensibly about birds but actually about people’s tendencies. This poem made his talents recognized and helped him with his official career.

  14. 14.

    Fu, Yuhong, selected and edited. Qianlong Chao Shaozao Ciqi Zeli Zhangcheng 乾隆朝《烧造瓷器则例章程》 (“Constitution of Porcelain Making” in the Qianlong Reign), Historical Archives (2), 2015.

  15. 15.

    Yuan, Mei (Qing dynasty), edited. Zhou, Benchun, annotated. Xiao Cangshanfang Shiwen Ji 小仓山房诗文集 (Collection of Poetry Composed at Small Cangshan Hall). Shanghai: Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House, 2011.

  16. 16.

    Geng, Baochang. Tan Tangying Kuan De Ciqi Ji Qita 谈唐英款的瓷器及其他 (On Ceramics Inscribed with Tang-Ying Mark and Others). Jingdezhen Ceramics (2), 1982.

  17. 17.

    Tang Ying Dutao Wendang 唐英督陶文档 (Documents on Tang Ying’s Supervision of Porcelain).

  18. 18.

    Translator’s Note: The term junshi in Chinese is a translation of the term in Buddhism. In English, it is commonly translated as “householder”, broadly meaning, any layperson.

  19. 19.

    Translator’s Note: The character Tang in Chinese refers to a chamber of a hall.

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  1. Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China

    Chongnian Yan

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Yan, C. (2024). Tang Ying’s Oversight of Porcelain Affairs. In: A Brief History of Chinese Imperial Porcelain. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4145-8_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4145-8_16

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  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore

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