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Elegance of Porcelain from the Yongzheng Reign

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A Brief History of Chinese Imperial Porcelain

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Aisin Gioro Yinzhen, who was awarded the title of the Beile (a rank of the Manchu nobility below that of prince) at the age of 21 and was promoted to Qinwang (first-rank prince) under the title “Prince Yong of the First Rank” at the age of 32, was finally ascended to the throne at the age of 45. Commonly known as Yongzheng Emperor, he reigned for 13 years with the temple name Emperor Shizong of Qing and the posthumous name as Emperor Xian. The Yongzheng Emperor has left many topics to fascinate and opinions from historians vary. The Yongzheng Emperor was known for his reforms in various aspects such as the administration of officials, military forces, finance, and people’s livelihood, and new policies keeping the emerging and original state of Qing dynasty largely lifted. The reform during the Yongzheng reign kept the benevolent policy of Kangxi Emperor, laying the foundation of Qianlong Emperor and contributing to the “Prosperous Era of Kangxi and Qianlong (1735–1795)”.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Translator’s Note: the so-called the etiquette style of the imperial court refers to the style reflecting the royal standard forms.

  2. 2.

    Translator’s Note: the so-called the style of folk art refers to the style different from “the etiquette style of the imperial court”.

  3. 3.

    Qinggong Neiwufu Zaobanchu Dang’an Zonghui 清宫内务府造办处档案总汇 (Catalogue of Archives Compilation of the Construction Office, the Imperial Household Department of the Qing Palace), Vol. II Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 2005, p. 447.

  4. 4.

    Lin, Shu. Study of the Yongzheng Emperor’s aesthetic and taste based on the achieves of the Construction Office, Palace Museum Journal (6), 2004.

  5. 5.

    Yongzheng Yuzhi Fojiao Dadian, Yuxuan Yulu 雍正御制佛教大典·御选语录 (Buddhist Encyclopedia Emperially Edited in the Yongzheng Reign: Selected Quotations). In Yuanmingyuan Jushi Yulu 圆明园居士语录 (Quotations by the Househoulder of the Old Summer Palace). Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2004.

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    Xu, Zhiheng. Yinliuzhai Shuo Ci 饮流斋说瓷 (On Ceramics at Yinliuzhai Study). Hefei: Huangshan Publishing House, 2016, p.15.

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    Zhu, Jiaji & Zhu Chuanrong, eds. Yangxindian Zaobanchu Shiliao Jilan 养心殿造办处史料辑览(第一辑) (Compilation of Historical Materials from the Office of the Hall of Mental Cultivation Selected and Compiled by Zhu Jiazhen and Zhu Chuanrong, Vol. I). In Yangxindian Zaobanchu Huoji Qingdang 养心殿造办处活计清档 (Qing Archive Orders by the Construction Office, Hall of Mental Cultivation). Beijing: Forbidden City Press, 2013.

  8. 8.

    “Guangxi Xunfu Chen Yuanlong Zouxie Qinci Falang Baoqi Zhe 广西巡抚陈元龙奏谢钦赐珐琅宝器折 (A Gratitude Memorial to the Emperor for the Bestowed Enamel Ware from Chen Yuanlong, the Xunfu of Guangxi Province)”. In Kangxichao Hanwen Zouzhe Huibian 康熙朝汉文奏折汇编 (Compilation of Memorials in Han Chinese in the Kangxi Reign), vol. 7. Beijing: Archive Press, 1985.

  9. 9.

    “Guangdong Xunfu Yang Lin Zoubao Fangsong Falangren Ji Song Xiyangren Jinjing Deng Qing Zhe 广东巡抚杨琳奏报访送烧珐琅人及送西洋人进京等情折 (A Memorial to the Emperor on Sending Falang Potters and European painters to the Capital and other things from Yang Lin, the Xunfu of Guangdong Province)”. In Kangxichao Hanwen Zouzhe Huibian 康熙朝汉文奏折汇编 (Compilation of Memorials in Han Chinese in the Kangxi Reign), vol. 7.

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    Guangdong Xunfu Yang Lin Zousong Xiyangren Bing Falang Jiangren Jinjing Deng Qing Zhe “Guangdong Xunfu Yang Lin Zousong Xiyangren Bing Falang Jiangren Jinjing Deng Qing Zhe 广东巡抚杨琳奏送西洋人并珐琅匠人进京等情折 (A Memorial to the Emperor on Sending European painters and Falang Potters to the Capital and other things from Yang Lin, the Xunfu of Guangdong Province)”. In Kangxichao Hanwen Zouzhe Huibian 康熙朝汉文奏折汇编 (Compilation of Memorials in Han Chinese in the Kangxi Reign), vol. 7.

  11. 11.

    Ji, Yuansou (Qing dynasty), Du, Bin, annotated. Tao Ya 匋雅 (On Ceramics). Jinan: Shandong Pictorial Publishing House, 2010.

  12. 12.

    Note on “the tenth month of the 41st year of the Kangxi reign (1702)”. Qing Shengzu Shi Lu 清圣祖实录 (Record of Emperor Shengzu of Qing), facsimile edition. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. 1985.

  13. 13.

    Haiwang Zhuan 海望传 (Bibliography of Haiwang). In Qing Shi Gao 清史稿 (Draft History of Qing), vol. 291. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. 1977.

  14. 14.

    Yongzhengchao Hanwen Yuzhi Huibian 雍正朝汉文谕旨汇编 (Compilation of Imperial Decrees in the Yongzheng Reign in Han Chinese). In Shangyu Neige 上谕内阁 (Imperial Edicts to the Neige). Guilin: Guangxi Normal University Press, 1999.

  15. 15.

    Baqi Tongzhi 八旗通志 (Complete Records of the Eight Banners). Changchun: Northeast Normal University Press, 1985.

  16. 16.

    Translator’s Note: The Gong hua technique, refers to an early Chinese engraving printing method without ink. Protruding lines are used to sketch such elements of the painting as clouds, water, flowers, insects, fish, etc., so as to make them in sharp relief against the background, adding charms to the picture. Here it might refer to a similar technological design in relief on the porcelain.

  17. 17.

    Tang, Ying (Qing dynasty). Ciwu Shiyi Shiyigao Xu 瓷务事宜示谕稿序 (Preface to the Decrees on Porcelain Affairs), Tang Ying Dutao Wendang 唐英督陶文档 (Documents on Tang Ying’s Supervision of Porcelain). Beijing: Xueyuan Publishing House, 2012.

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  1. Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China

    Chongnian Yan

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Yan, C. (2024). Elegance of Porcelain from the Yongzheng Reign. In: A Brief History of Chinese Imperial Porcelain. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4145-8_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4145-8_14

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