Sprint Challenge: JavaScript Fundamentals

This challenge allows you to practice the concepts and techniques learned over the past week and apply them in a survey of problems. This Sprint explored JavaScript Fundamentals. During this Sprint, you studied variables, functions, object literals, arrays, this keyword, prototypes, and class syntax. In your challenge this week, you will demonstrate proficiency by completing a survey of JavaScript problems.

Read these instructions carefully. Understand exactly what is expected before starting this Sprint Challenge.

This is an individual assessment. All work must be your own. Your challenge score is a measure of your ability to work independently using the material covered through this sprint. You need to demonstrate proficiency in the concepts and objectives introduced and practiced in preceding days.

You are not allowed to collaborate during the Sprint Challenge. However, you are encouraged to follow the twenty-minute rule and seek support from your TL and Instructor in your cohort help channel on Slack. Your work reflects your proficiency in JavaScript fundamentals.

You have three hours to complete this challenge. Plan your time accordingly.

Commit your code regularly and meaningfully. This helps both you (in case you ever need to return to old code for any number of reasons) and your team lead.

You will notice there are several JavaScript files being brought into the index.html file. Each of those files contain JavaScript problems you need to solve. If you get stuck on something, skip over it and come back to it later.

In meeting the minimum viable product (MVP) specifications listed below, you should have a console full of correct responses to the problems given.

Demonstrate your understanding of this week's concepts by answering the following free-form questions.

Edit this document to include your answers after each question. Make sure to leave a blank line above and below your answer so it is clear and easy to read by your team lead

1. Describe the biggest difference between .forEach & .map.

   .forEach runs a given function once for each element in an array.

   .map creates a new array with the result of the given function.

2. What is the difference between a function and a method?

   a function is declared on the global scope and method is declared on an object.

3. What is closure?

   Closure describes the inability of any methods or functions to see inside of another object to view it's objects and methods. Methods can, however, reach outside of their object and invoke functions, methods, and variables from higher scopes.

4. Describe the four rules of the 'this' keyword.

    1. Implicit Binding
   
    'this' references the object to the left of the dot '.' at the time the function is invoked.
   
    2. Explicit Binding
   
    'this' references what is stated in the '()' when the function is called.
    .call takes the arguments individually, one-by-one and imedietly invokes the function.
    .apply takes the arguments together as an array and imedietly invokes the function.
    .bind takes the arguments individually, one-by-one and creates a new function rather than invoking the previous function.
   
   
   
    3. New Binding
   
    Using 'new' tells JavaScript to create a new object using the same paramaters with the arguments passed in at the time 'new' is called.
   
    4. Window Binding
   
    When using 'this' without defining what 'this' is referencing, it will reference the Window object (the global scope, encompasing all of the code). You can bind the property using "window.`insert property here`:" but that is dangerous to do at the global scope. "Strict Mode" can be invoked by calling "'use strict'" in the object, which will cause window binding to return an error rather than being alowed. 
   

5. Why do we need super() in an extended class?

   super() calls the constructor from the parent class

Follow these steps to set up and work on your project:

• [ x] Create a forked copy of this project.
• [ x] Add TL as collaborator on Github.
• [ x] Clone your OWN version of Repo (Not Lambda's by mistake!).
• [ x] Create a new Branch on the clone: git checkout -b <firstName-lastName>.
• [ x] Create a pull request before you start working on the project requirements. You will continuously push your updates throughout the project.
• [ x] You are now ready to build this project with your preferred IDE
• [ x] Implement the project on your Branch, committing changes regularly.
• [ x] Push commits: git push origin <firstName-lastName>.

Follow these steps for completing your project:

• Submit a Pull-Request to merge Branch into master (student's Repo).
• Add your team lead as a Reviewer on the Pull-request
• TL then will count the HW as done by merging the branch back into master.

Your finished project must include all of the following requirements:

Pro tip for this challenge: If something seems like it isn't working locally, copy and paste your code up to codepen and take another look at the console.

Test your knowledge of objects and arrays.

• Use the objects-arrays.js link to get started. Read the instructions carefully!

This challenge takes a look at callbacks and closures as well as scope.

• Use the functions.js link to get started. Read the instructions carefully!

Create constructors, bind methods, and create cuboids in this prototypes challenge.

• Use the prototypes.js link to get started. Read the instructions carefully!

Once you have completed the prototypes challenge, it's time to convert all your hard work into classes.

• Use the classes.js link to get started. Read the instructions carefully!

In your solutions, it is essential that you follow best practices and produce clean and professional results. Schedule time to review, refine, and assess your work and perform basic professional polishing including spell-checking and grammar-checking on your work. It is better to submit a challenge that meets MVP than one that attempts too much and does not.

There are a few stretch problems found throughout the files, don't work on them until you are finished with MVP requirements!