The Python Tutorial

1. Whetting Your Appetite 
2. Using the Python Interpreter
2.1. Invoking the Interpreter
2.1.1. Argument Passing 
2.1.2. Interactive Mode 
2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment
2.2.1. Source Code Encoding 
3. An Informal Introduction to Python
3.1. Using Python as a Calculator
3.1.1. Numbers 
3.1.2. Strings 
3.1.3. Lists 
3.2. First Steps Towards Programming 
4. More Control Flow Tools
4.1. if Statements 
4.2. for Statements 
4.3. The range() Function 
4.4. break and continue Statements, and else Clauses on Loops 
4.5. pass Statements 
4.6. Defining Functions 
4.7. More on Defining Functions
4.7.1. Default Argument Values 
4.7.2. Keyword Arguments 
4.7.3. Arbitrary Argument Lists 
4.7.4. Unpacking Argument Lists 
4.7.5. Lambda Expressions 
4.7.6. Documentation Strings 
4.7.7. Function Annotations 
4.8. Intermezzo: Coding Style 
5. Data Structures
5.1. More on Lists
5.1.1. Using Lists as Stacks 
5.1.2. Using Lists as Queues 
5.1.3. List Comprehensions 
5.1.4. Nested List Comprehensions 
5.2. The del statement 
5.3. Tuples and Sequences 
5.4. Sets 
5.5. Dictionaries 
5.6. Looping Techniques 
5.7. More on Conditions 
5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Types 
6. Modules
6.1. More on Modules
6.1.1. Executing modules as scripts 
6.1.2. The Module Search Path 
6.1.3. “Compiled” Python files 
6.2. Standard Modules 
6.3. The dir() Function 
6.4. Packages
6.4.1. Importing * From a Package 
6.4.2. Intra-package References 
6.4.3. Packages in Multiple Directories 
7. Input and Output
7.1. Fancier Output Formatting
7.1.1. Old string formatting 
7.2. Reading and Writing Files
7.2.1. Methods of File Objects 
7.2.2. Saving structured data with json 
8. Errors and Exceptions
8.1. Syntax Errors 
8.2. Exceptions 
8.3. Handling Exceptions 
8.4. Raising Exceptions 
8.5. User-defined Exceptions 
8.6. Defining Clean-up Actions 
8.7. Predefined Clean-up Actions 
9. Classes
9.1. A Word About Names and Objects 
9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaces
9.2.1. Scopes and Namespaces Example 
9.3. A First Look at Classes
9.3.1. Class Definition Syntax 
9.3.2. Class Objects 
9.3.3. Instance Objects 
9.3.4. Method Objects 
9.3.5. Class and Instance Variables 
9.4. Random Remarks 
9.5. Inheritance
9.5.1. Multiple Inheritance 
9.6. Private Variables 
9.7. Odds and Ends 
9.8. Exceptions Are Classes Too 
9.9. Iterators 
9.10. Generators 
9.11. Generator Expressions 
10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library
10.1. Operating System Interface 
10.2. File Wildcards 
10.3. Command Line Arguments 
10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination 
10.5. String Pattern Matching 
10.6. Mathematics 
10.7. Internet Access 
10.8. Dates and Times 
10.9. Data Compression 
10.10. Performance Measurement 
10.11. Quality Control 
10.12. Batteries Included 
11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library – Part II
11.1. Output Formatting 
11.2. Templating 
11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts 
11.4. Multi-threading 
11.5. Logging 
11.6. Weak References 
11.7. Tools for Working with Lists 
11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic 
12. Virtual Environments and Packages
12.1. Introduction 
12.2. Creating Virtual Environments 
12.3. Managing Packages with pip 
13. What Now? 
14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution
14.1. Tab Completion and History Editing 
14.2. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter 
15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations
15.1. Representation Error 
16. Appendix
16.1. Interactive Mode
16.1.1. Error Handling 
16.1.2. Executable Python Scripts 
16.1.3. The Interactive Startup File 
16.1.4. The Customization Modules