--- id: python-casting title: Type Casting sidebar_label: Type Casting #displays in sidebar sidebar_position: 6 tags: [ Python, Introduction of python, Python Syntax, Python Variables, Python Operators, Type Casting, ] --- # Python Casting In Python, **casting** is the process of converting a variable from one type to another. Python has built-in functions for converting between data types. --- ### Specify a Variable Type Python is an **object-oriented language**, and **variables are objects**. You can specify the data type using casting functions: ```python x = int(1) # x will be 1 y = int(2.8) # y will be 2 z = int("3") # z will be 3 ```` ### `int()` - Integer Casting Converts a value to an integer. Works with floats and numeric strings. ```python x = int(1) # 1 y = int(2.8) # 2 z = int("3") # 3 # w = int("abc") # Error ``` ### `float()` - Floating-Point Casting Converts a value to a float. Works with integers and numeric strings. ```python a = float(1) # 1.0 b = float("2.5") # 2.5 c = float(3.0) # 3.0 ``` ### `str()` - String Casting Converts numbers or other types into a string. ```python x = str("s1") # 's1' y = str(2) # '2' z = str(3.0) # '3.0' ``` ### Invalid Casting Some values can't be casted directly: ```python int("hello") # ValueError float("abc") # ValueError ``` Use `try`/`except` to handle safely: ```python value = "abc" try: number = int(value) except ValueError: print("Invalid conversion") ``` ### Summary Table | Function | Converts to | Example Input | Output | | --------- | ----------- | ------------- | ------- | | `int()` | Integer | `"3"` | `3` | | `float()` | Float | `"3.5"` | `3.5` | | `str()` | String | `3.5` | `"3.5"` | ### Quick Notes * Use casting to convert types manually. * Useful when handling user input, math, or data from files. * Always validate input before casting to avoid errors.