python-zeroconf · bdraco · May 16, 2026 · May 16, 2026
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -51,14 +51,12 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         python-version:
-          - "3.9"
           - "3.10"
           - "3.11"
           - "3.12"
           - "3.13"
           - "3.14"
           - "3.14t"
-          - "pypy-3.9"
           - "pypy-3.10"
         os:
           - ubuntu-latest
@@ -72,12 +70,8 @@ jobs:
             extension: use_cython
           - os: windows-latest
             extension: use_cython
-          - os: windows-latest
-            python-version: "pypy-3.9"
           - os: windows-latest
             python-version: "pypy-3.10"
-          - os: macos-latest
-            python-version: "pypy-3.9"
           - os: macos-latest
             python-version: "pypy-3.10"
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ repos:
     rev: v3.21.2
     hooks:
       - id: pyupgrade
-        args: [--py39-plus]
+        args: [--py310-plus]
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     rev: v0.15.12
     hooks:

diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -70,13 +70,13 @@ path. The authoritative list of cythonized modules lives in
   and `zeroconf/asyncio.py` re-export.
 
 - **Line length**: 110 (ruff `line-length = 110`).
-  `requires-python = ">=3.9"`, `target-version = "py39"` for
-  ruff; pyupgrade runs `--py39-plus`.
+  `requires-python = ">=3.10"`, `target-version = "py310"` for
+  ruff; pyupgrade runs `--py310-plus`.
 
 - **Imports**: ruff/isort sorted, `profile = "black"`,
   `known_first_party = ["zeroconf", "tests"]`. Prefer
   `from __future__ import annotations` so modern type syntax
-  works on 3.9.
+  works on 3.10.
 
 - **Generated `.c` files are not lint-targets.** `*.c` files
   next to each cythonized module are Cython output — never hand-
@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ CodSpeed benchmarks live under `tests/benchmarks/` and run in CI
 through `CodSpeedHQ/action`. Ad-hoc microbenchmarks for manual
 profiling live under `bench/` — those don't run in CI.
 
-The CI matrix includes CPython 3.9 – 3.14, the free-threaded
-3.14t build, and PyPy 3.9 / 3.10. Don't add anything that breaks
+The CI matrix includes CPython 3.10 – 3.14, the free-threaded
+3.14t build, and PyPy 3.10. Don't add anything that breaks
 on the free-threaded build (no module-level mutable globals
 mutated from multiple threads without locks; no
 `PyDict_Next`-style escape hatches in Cython).

diff --git a/README.rst b/README.rst
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ Compared to some other Zeroconf/Bonjour/Avahi Python packages, python-zeroconf:
 Python compatibility
 --------------------
 
-* CPython 3.9+
-* PyPy 3.9+
+* CPython 3.10+
+* PyPy 3.10+
 
 Versioning
 ----------

diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ authors = [
     { name = "Jakub Stasiak" },
     { name = "J. Nick Koston" },
 ]
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 
 [project.urls]
 "Repository" = "https://github.com/python-zeroconf/python-zeroconf"
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ match = "(?!(master|release-0.x)$)"
 prerelease = true
 
 [tool.poetry.dependencies]
-python = "^3.9"
+python = "^3.10"
 ifaddr = ">=0.1.7"
 
 [tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ sphinx = "^7.4.7 || ^8.1.3"
 sphinx-rtd-theme = "^3.1.0"
 
 [tool.ruff]
-target-version = "py39"
+target-version = "py310"
 line-length = 110
 
 [tool.ruff.lint]

diff --git a/src/zeroconf/_cache.py b/src/zeroconf/_cache.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 from collections.abc import Iterable
 from heapq import heapify, heappop, heappush
-from typing import Union, cast
+from typing import cast
 
 from ._dns import (
     DNSAddress,
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 from .const import _ONE_SECOND, _TYPE_PTR
 
 _UNIQUE_RECORD_TYPES = (DNSAddress, DNSHinfo, DNSPointer, DNSText, DNSService)
-_UniqueRecordsType = Union[DNSAddress, DNSHinfo, DNSPointer, DNSText, DNSService]
+_UniqueRecordsType = DNSAddress | DNSHinfo | DNSPointer | DNSText | DNSService
 _DNSRecordCacheType = dict[str, dict[DNSRecord, DNSRecord]]
 _DNSRecord = DNSRecord
 _str = str

diff --git a/src/zeroconf/_services/__init__.py b/src/zeroconf/_services/__init__.py
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import enum
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .._core import Zeroconf

diff --git a/src/zeroconf/_services/browser.py b/src/zeroconf/_services/browser.py
@@ -30,13 +30,12 @@
 import threading
 import time
 import warnings
-from collections.abc import Iterable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
 from functools import partial
 from types import TracebackType  # used in type hints
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Callable,
     cast,
 )
 

diff --git a/src/zeroconf/_utils/net.py b/src/zeroconf/_utils/net.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 import sys
 import warnings
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
-from typing import Any, Union, cast
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 import ifaddr
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class InterfaceChoice(enum.Enum):
     All = 2
 
 
-InterfacesType = Union[Sequence[Union[str, int, tuple[tuple[str, int, int], int]]], InterfaceChoice]
+InterfacesType = Sequence[str | int | tuple[tuple[str, int, int], int]] | InterfaceChoice
 
 
 @enum.unique

diff --git a/src/zeroconf/asyncio.py b/src/zeroconf/asyncio.py
@@ -24,9 +24,8 @@
 
 import asyncio
 import contextlib
-from collections.abc import Awaitable
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
 from types import TracebackType  # used in type hints
-from typing import Callable
 
 from ._core import Zeroconf
 from ._dns import DNSQuestionType