python-escpos · tiltingpenguin · Jul 20, 2026 · Jul 27, 2026 · Jul 27, 2026 · Jul 27, 2026
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ install_requires =
     qrcode>=4.0
     python-barcode>=0.15.0,<1
     setuptools
-    six
     platformdirs
     PyYAML
     argcomplete
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ tests_require =
     pytest-cov
     pytest-mock
     scripttest
-    mock
     hypothesis>=6.83
     flake8
     sphinxcontrib-spelling>=8.0.0

diff --git a/src/escpos/constants.py b/src/escpos/constants.py
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 
 from typing import Dict
 
-import six
-
 from .types import ConstTxtStyleClass
 
 # Control characters
@@ -49,11 +47,11 @@
 
 #: decimal cash drawer kick sequence
 CD_KICK_DEC_SEQUENCE = (
-    lambda esc, p, m, t1=50, t2=50: six.int2byte(esc)
-    + six.int2byte(p)
-    + six.int2byte(m)
-    + six.int2byte(t1)
-    + six.int2byte(t2)
+    lambda esc, p, m, t1=50, t2=50: esc.to_bytes()
+    + p.to_bytes()
+    + m.to_bytes()
+    + t1.to_bytes()
+    + t2.to_bytes()
 )
 #: Sends a pulse to pin 2 []
 CD_KICK_2: bytes = _CASH_DRAWER(b"\x00", 50, 50)
@@ -72,7 +70,7 @@
 BUZZER: bytes = ESC + b"\x42"
 
 # Panel buttons (e.g. the FEED button)
-_PANEL_BUTTON = lambda n: ESC + b"c5" + six.int2byte(n)
+_PANEL_BUTTON = lambda n: ESC + b"c5" + n.to_bytes()
 PANEL_BUTTON_ON: bytes = _PANEL_BUTTON(0)  # enable all panel buttons
 PANEL_BUTTON_OFF: bytes = _PANEL_BUTTON(1)  # disable all panel buttons
 
@@ -210,7 +208,7 @@
 #      -  Type A: "GS k <type as integer> <data> NUL"
 #      -  TYPE B: "GS k <type as letter> <data length> <data>"
 #      The latter command supports more barcode types
-_SET_BARCODE_TYPE = lambda m: GS + b"k" + six.int2byte(m)
+_SET_BARCODE_TYPE = lambda m: GS + b"k" + m.to_bytes()
 
 #: Barcodes for printing function type A
 BARCODE_TYPE_A: Dict[str, bytes] = {

diff --git a/src/escpos/escpos.py b/src/escpos/escpos.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 
 import barcode
 import qrcode
-import six
 from barcode.writer import ImageWriter
 
 from escpos.capabilities import get_profile
@@ -306,12 +305,9 @@ def image(
                 32 if high_density_vertical else 0
             )
             header = (
-                ESC
-                + b"*"
-                + six.int2byte(density_byte)
-                + self._int_low_high(im.width, 2)
+                ESC + b"*" + density_byte.to_bytes() + self._int_low_high(im.width, 2)
             )
-            outp = [ESC + b"3" + six.int2byte(16)]  # Adjust line-feed size
+            outp = [ESC + b"3" + int.to_bytes(16)]  # Adjust line-feed size
             for blob in im.to_column_format(high_density_vertical):
                 outp.append(header + blob + b"\n")
             outp.append(ESC + b"2")  # Reset line-feed size
@@ -415,15 +411,15 @@ def qr(
         cn = b"1"  # Code type for QR code
         # Select model: 1, 2 or micro.
         self._send_2d_code_data(
-            six.int2byte(65), cn, six.int2byte(48 + model) + six.int2byte(0)
+            int.to_bytes(65), cn, (48 + model).to_bytes() + int.to_bytes(0)
         )
         # Set dot size.
-        self._send_2d_code_data(six.int2byte(67), cn, six.int2byte(size))
+        self._send_2d_code_data(int.to_bytes(67), cn, size.to_bytes())
         # Set error correction level: L, M, Q, or H
-        self._send_2d_code_data(six.int2byte(69), cn, six.int2byte(48 + ec))
+        self._send_2d_code_data(int.to_bytes(69), cn, (48 + ec).to_bytes())
         # Send content & print
-        self._send_2d_code_data(six.int2byte(80), cn, content.encode("utf-8"), b"0")
-        self._send_2d_code_data(six.int2byte(81), cn, b"", b"0")
+        self._send_2d_code_data(int.to_bytes(80), cn, content.encode("utf-8"), b"0")
+        self._send_2d_code_data(int.to_bytes(81), cn, b"", b"0")
 
     def _send_2d_code_data(self, fn, cn, data, m=b"") -> None:
         """Calculate and send correct data length for`GS ( k`.
@@ -454,7 +450,7 @@ def _int_low_high(inp_number: int, out_bytes: int) -> bytes:
             )
         outp = b""
         for _ in range(0, out_bytes):
-            outp += six.int2byte(inp_number % 256)
+            outp += (inp_number % 256).to_bytes()
             inp_number //= 256
         return outp
 
@@ -755,12 +751,12 @@ def _hw_barcode(
             self._raw(TXT_STYLE["align"]["center"])
         # Height
         if 1 <= height <= 255:
-            self._raw(BARCODE_HEIGHT + six.int2byte(height))
+            self._raw(BARCODE_HEIGHT + height.to_bytes())
         else:
             raise BarcodeSizeError(f"height = {height}")
         # Width
         if 2 <= width <= 6:
-            self._raw(BARCODE_WIDTH + six.int2byte(width))
+            self._raw(BARCODE_WIDTH + width.to_bytes())
         else:
             raise BarcodeSizeError(f"width = {width}")
         # Font
@@ -781,7 +777,7 @@ def _hw_barcode(
         self._raw(bc_types[bc.upper()])
 
         if function_type.upper() == "B":
-            self._raw(six.int2byte(len(code)))
+            self._raw(len(code).to_bytes())
 
         # Print Code
         if code:
@@ -1105,7 +1101,7 @@ def set(
                 and 1 <= height <= 8
             ):
                 size_byte = TXT_STYLE["width"][width] + TXT_STYLE["height"][height]
-                self._raw(TXT_SIZE + six.int2byte(size_byte))
+                self._raw(TXT_SIZE + size_byte.to_bytes())
             else:
                 raise SetVariableError()
         elif normal_textsize or double_height or double_width:
@@ -1131,7 +1127,7 @@ def set(
         if underline is not None:
             self._raw(TXT_STYLE["underline"][underline])
         if font is not None:
-            self._raw(SET_FONT(six.int2byte(self.profile.get_font(font))))
+            self._raw(SET_FONT(self.profile.get_font(font).to_bytes()))
         if align is not None:
             self._raw(TXT_STYLE["align"][align])
 
@@ -1237,7 +1233,7 @@ def line_spacing(self, spacing: Optional[int] = None, divisor: int = 180) -> Non
                 "spacing must be a int between 0 and 85 when divisor is 60"
             )
 
-        self._raw(LINESPACING_FUNCS[divisor] + six.int2byte(spacing))
+        self._raw(LINESPACING_FUNCS[divisor] + spacing.to_bytes())
 
     def cut(self, mode: str = "FULL", feed: bool = True) -> None:
         """Cut paper.
@@ -1251,7 +1247,7 @@ def cut(self, mode: str = "FULL", feed: bool = True) -> None:
         :raises ValueError: if mode not in ('FULL', 'PART')
         """
         if not feed:
-            self._raw(GS + b"V" + six.int2byte(66) + b"\x00")
+            self._raw(GS + b"V" + int.to_bytes(66) + b"\x00")
             return
 
         self.print_and_feed(6)
@@ -1355,7 +1351,7 @@ def print_and_feed(self, n: int = 1) -> None:
         """
         if 0 <= n <= 255:
             # ESC d n
-            self._raw(ESC + b"d" + six.int2byte(n))
+            self._raw(ESC + b"d" + n.to_bytes())
         else:
             raise ValueError("n must be betwen 0 and 255")
 
@@ -1390,7 +1386,7 @@ def control(self, ctl: str, count: int = 5, tab_size: int = 8) -> None:
                 # Set tab positions
                 self._raw(CTL_SET_HT)
                 for iterator in range(1, count):
-                    self._raw(six.int2byte(iterator * tab_size))
+                    self._raw((iterator * tab_size).to_bytes())
                 self._raw(NUL)
         elif ctl.upper() == "VT":
             self._raw(CTL_VT)
@@ -1547,7 +1543,7 @@ def buzzer(self, times: int = 2, duration: int = 4) -> None:
         if not 1 <= duration <= 9:
             raise ValueError("duration must be between 1 and 9")
 
-        self._raw(BUZZER + six.int2byte(times) + six.int2byte(duration))
+        self._raw(BUZZER + times.to_bytes() + duration.to_bytes())
 
 
 class EscposIO:

diff --git a/src/escpos/magicencode.py b/src/escpos/magicencode.py
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@
 import re
 from builtins import bytes
 
-import six
-
 from .codepages import CodePages
 from .constants import CODEPAGE_CHANGE
 from .exceptions import Error
@@ -301,7 +299,7 @@ def write_with_encoding(self, encoding, text):
         if encoding != self.encoding:
             self.encoding = encoding
             self.driver._raw(
-                CODEPAGE_CHANGE + six.int2byte(self.encoder.get_sequence(encoding))
+                CODEPAGE_CHANGE + self.encoder.get_sequence(encoding).to_bytes()
             )
 
         if text:

diff --git a/test/test_functions/test_function_qr_non-native.py b/test/test_functions/test_function_qr_non-native.py
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
 :license: MIT
 """
 
+import unittest.mock as mock
 import warnings
 
-import mock
 import pytest
 from PIL import Image
 

diff --git a/test/test_functions/test_function_text.py b/test/test_functions/test_function_text.py
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@
 :license: MIT
 """
 
+import unittest.mock as mock
+
 import hypothesis.strategies as st
-import mock
 from hypothesis import given
 
 from escpos.printer import Dummy

diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@ envlist = py38, py39, py310, py311, py312, py313, docs, flake8
 
 [gh-actions]
 python =
-    2.7: py27
-    3.6: py36
-    3.7: py37
     3.8: py38
     3.9: py39
     3.10: py310
@@ -17,7 +14,6 @@ python =
 deps = jaconv
        coverage
        scripttest
-       mock
        pytest>=7.4
        pytest-cov
        pytest-mock
@@ -52,8 +48,6 @@ commands = flake8
 [testenv:mypy]
 basepython = python
 deps = mypy
-       types-six
-       types-mock
        types-PyYAML
        types-Pillow
        types-pyserial