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// ==========================================================================
// This software is subject to the provisions of the Zope Public License,
// Version 2.0 (ZPL). A copy of the ZPL should accompany this distribution.
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
// WARRANTIES ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
// WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, AGAINST INFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS
// FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
// ==========================================================================
using System;
using System.Dynamic;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Collections;
namespace Python.Runtime {
/// <summary>
/// Represents a generic Python object. The methods of this class are
/// generally equivalent to the Python "abstract object API". See
/// http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/object.html for details.
/// </summary>
public class PyObject : DynamicObject, IDisposable {
protected internal IntPtr obj = IntPtr.Zero;
private bool disposed = false;
/// <summary>
/// PyObject Constructor
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Creates a new PyObject from an IntPtr object reference. Note that
/// the PyObject instance assumes ownership of the object reference
/// and the reference will be DECREFed when the PyObject is garbage
/// collected or explicitly disposed.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject(IntPtr ptr) {
obj = ptr;
}
// Protected default constructor to allow subclasses to manage
// initialization in different ways as appropriate.
protected PyObject() {}
// Ensure that encapsulated Python object is decref'ed appropriately
// when the managed wrapper is garbage-collected.
~PyObject() {
Dispose();
}
/// <summary>
/// Handle Property
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Gets the native handle of the underlying Python object. This
/// value is generally for internal use by the PythonNet runtime.
/// </remarks>
public IntPtr Handle {
get { return obj; }
}
/// <summary>
/// FromManagedObject Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Given an arbitrary managed object, return a Python instance that
/// reflects the managed object.
/// </remarks>
public static PyObject FromManagedObject(object ob) {
// Special case: if ob is null, we return None.
if (ob == null) {
Runtime.Incref(Runtime.PyNone);
return new PyObject(Runtime.PyNone);
}
IntPtr op = CLRObject.GetInstHandle(ob);
return new PyObject(op);
}
/// <summary>
/// AsManagedObject Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Return a managed object of the given type, based on the
/// value of the Python object.
/// </remarks>
public object AsManagedObject(Type t) {
Object result;
if (!Converter.ToManaged(this.obj, t, out result, false)) {
throw new InvalidCastException("cannot convert object to target type");
}
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// Dispose Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// The Dispose method provides a way to explicitly release the
/// Python object represented by a PyObject instance. It is a good
/// idea to call Dispose on PyObjects that wrap resources that are
/// limited or need strict lifetime control. Otherwise, references
/// to Python objects will not be released until a managed garbage
/// collection occurs.
/// </remarks>
public void Dispose() {
if (!disposed) {
if (Runtime.Py_IsInitialized() > 0) {
IntPtr gs = PythonEngine.AcquireLock();
Runtime.Decref(obj);
obj = IntPtr.Zero;
PythonEngine.ReleaseLock(gs);
}
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
disposed = true;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// GetPythonType Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Returns the Python type of the object. This method is equivalent
/// to the Python expression: type(object).
/// </remarks>
public PyObject GetPythonType() {
IntPtr tp = Runtime.PyObject_Type(obj);
return new PyObject(tp);
}
/// <summary>
/// TypeCheck Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Returns true if the object o is of type typeOrClass or a subtype
/// of typeOrClass.
/// </remarks>
public bool TypeCheck(PyObject typeOrClass) {
return Runtime.PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, typeOrClass.obj);
}
/// <summary>
/// HasAttr Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Returns true if the object has an attribute with the given name.
/// </remarks>
public bool HasAttr(string name) {
return (Runtime.PyObject_HasAttrString(obj, name) != 0);
}
/// <summary>
/// HasAttr Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Returns true if the object has an attribute with the given name,
/// where name is a PyObject wrapping a string or unicode object.
/// </remarks>
public bool HasAttr(PyObject name) {
return (Runtime.PyObject_HasAttr(obj, name.obj) != 0);
}
/// <summary>
/// GetAttr Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Returns the named attribute of the Python object, or raises a
/// PythonException if the attribute access fails.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject GetAttr(string name) {
IntPtr op = Runtime.PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, name);
if (op == IntPtr.Zero) {
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyObject(op);
}
/// <summary>
/// GetAttr Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Returns the named attribute of the Python object, or the given
/// default object if the attribute access fails.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject GetAttr(string name, PyObject _default) {
IntPtr op = Runtime.PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, name);
if (op == IntPtr.Zero) {
Runtime.PyErr_Clear();
return _default;
}
return new PyObject(op);
}
/// <summary>
/// GetAttr Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Returns the named attribute of the Python object or raises a
/// PythonException if the attribute access fails. The name argument
/// is a PyObject wrapping a Python string or unicode object.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject GetAttr(PyObject name) {
IntPtr op = Runtime.PyObject_GetAttr(obj, name.obj);
if (op == IntPtr.Zero) {
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyObject(op);
}
/// <summary>
/// GetAttr Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Returns the named attribute of the Python object, or the given
/// default object if the attribute access fails. The name argument
/// is a PyObject wrapping a Python string or unicode object.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject GetAttr(PyObject name, PyObject _default) {
IntPtr op = Runtime.PyObject_GetAttr(obj, name.obj);
if (op == IntPtr.Zero) {
Runtime.PyErr_Clear();
return _default;
}
return new PyObject(op);
}
/// <summary>
/// SetAttr Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Set an attribute of the object with the given name and value. This
/// method throws a PythonException if the attribute set fails.
/// </remarks>
public void SetAttr(string name, PyObject value) {
int r = Runtime.PyObject_SetAttrString(obj, name, value.obj);
if (r < 0) {
throw new PythonException();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// SetAttr Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Set an attribute of the object with the given name and value,
/// where the name is a Python string or unicode object. This method
/// throws a PythonException if the attribute set fails.
/// </remarks>
public void SetAttr(PyObject name, PyObject value) {
int r = Runtime.PyObject_SetAttr(obj, name.obj, value.obj);
if (r < 0) {
throw new PythonException();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// DelAttr Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Delete the named attribute of the Python object. This method
/// throws a PythonException if the attribute set fails.
/// </remarks>
public void DelAttr(string name) {
int r = Runtime.PyObject_SetAttrString(obj, name, IntPtr.Zero);
if (r < 0) {
throw new PythonException();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// DelAttr Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Delete the named attribute of the Python object, where name is a
/// PyObject wrapping a Python string or unicode object. This method
/// throws a PythonException if the attribute set fails.
/// </remarks>
public void DelAttr(PyObject name) {
int r = Runtime.PyObject_SetAttr(obj, name.obj, IntPtr.Zero);
if (r < 0) {
throw new PythonException();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// GetItem Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// return the item at the given object index. This method raises a
/// PythonException if the indexing operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual PyObject GetItem(PyObject key) {
IntPtr op = Runtime.PyObject_GetItem(obj, key.obj);
if (op == IntPtr.Zero) {
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyObject(op);
}
/// <summary>
/// GetItem Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// return the item at the given string index. This method raises a
/// PythonException if the indexing operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual PyObject GetItem(string key) {
using (PyString pyKey = new PyString(key))
return GetItem(pyKey);
}
/// <summary>
/// GetItem Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// return the item at the given numeric index. This method raises a
/// PythonException if the indexing operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual PyObject GetItem(int index) {
PyInt key = new PyInt(index);
return GetItem((PyObject)key);
}
/// <summary>
/// SetItem Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// set the item at the given object index to the given value. This
/// method raises a PythonException if the set operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual void SetItem(PyObject key, PyObject value) {
int r = Runtime.PyObject_SetItem(obj, key.obj, value.obj);
if (r < 0) {
throw new PythonException();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// SetItem Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// set the item at the given string index to the given value. This
/// method raises a PythonException if the set operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual void SetItem(string key, PyObject value) {
using (PyString pyKey = new PyString(key))
SetItem(pyKey, value);
}
/// <summary>
/// SetItem Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// set the item at the given numeric index to the given value. This
/// method raises a PythonException if the set operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual void SetItem(int index, PyObject value) {
SetItem(new PyInt(index), value);
}
/// <summary>
/// DelItem Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// delete the item at the given object index. This method raises a
/// PythonException if the delete operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual void DelItem(PyObject key) {
int r = Runtime.PyObject_DelItem(obj, key.obj);
if (r < 0) {
throw new PythonException();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// DelItem Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// delete the item at the given string index. This method raises a
/// PythonException if the delete operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual void DelItem(string key) {
using (PyString pyKey = new PyString(key))
DelItem(pyKey);
}
/// <summary>
/// DelItem Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// delete the item at the given numeric index. This method raises a
/// PythonException if the delete operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual void DelItem(int index) {
DelItem(new PyInt(index));
}
/// <summary>
/// Length Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Returns the length for objects that support the Python sequence
/// protocol, or 0 if the object does not support the protocol.
/// </remarks>
public virtual int Length() {
int s = Runtime.PyObject_Size(obj);
if (s < 0) {
Runtime.PyErr_Clear();
return 0;
}
return s;
}
/// <summary>
/// String Indexer
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Provides a shorthand for the string versions of the GetItem and
/// SetItem methods.
/// </remarks>
public virtual PyObject this[string key] {
get { return GetItem(key); }
set { SetItem(key, value); }
}
/// <summary>
/// PyObject Indexer
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Provides a shorthand for the object versions of the GetItem and
/// SetItem methods.
/// </remarks>
public virtual PyObject this[PyObject key] {
get { return GetItem(key); }
set { SetItem(key, value); }
}
/// <summary>
/// Numeric Indexer
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Provides a shorthand for the numeric versions of the GetItem and
/// SetItem methods.
/// </remarks>
public virtual PyObject this[int index] {
get { return GetItem(index); }
set { SetItem(index, value); }
}
/// <summary>
/// GetIterator Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Return a new (Python) iterator for the object. This is equivalent
/// to the Python expression "iter(object)". A PythonException will be
/// raised if the object cannot be iterated.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject GetIterator() {
IntPtr r = Runtime.PyObject_GetIter(obj);
if (r == IntPtr.Zero) {
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyObject(r);
}
/// <summary>
/// GetEnumerator Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Return a new PyIter object for the object. This allows any iterable
/// python object to be iterated over in C#. A PythonException will be
/// raised if the object is not iterable.
/// </remarks>
public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
{
return new PyIter(this);
}
/// <summary>
/// Invoke Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the callable object with the given arguments, passed as a
/// PyObject[]. A PythonException is raised if the invokation fails.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject Invoke(params PyObject[] args) {
PyTuple t = new PyTuple(args);
IntPtr r = Runtime.PyObject_Call(obj, t.obj, IntPtr.Zero);
t.Dispose();
if (r == IntPtr.Zero) {
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyObject(r);
}
/// <summary>
/// Invoke Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the callable object with the given arguments, passed as a
/// Python tuple. A PythonException is raised if the invokation fails.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject Invoke(PyTuple args) {
IntPtr r = Runtime.PyObject_Call(obj, args.obj, IntPtr.Zero);
if (r == IntPtr.Zero) {
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyObject(r);
}
/// <summary>
/// Invoke Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the callable object with the given positional and keyword
/// arguments. A PythonException is raised if the invokation fails.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject Invoke(PyObject[] args, PyDict kw) {
PyTuple t = new PyTuple(args);
IntPtr r = Runtime.PyObject_Call(obj, t.obj, kw != null ? kw.obj : IntPtr.Zero);
t.Dispose();
if (r == IntPtr.Zero) {
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyObject(r);
}
/// <summary>
/// Invoke Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the callable object with the given positional and keyword
/// arguments. A PythonException is raised if the invokation fails.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject Invoke(PyTuple args, PyDict kw) {
IntPtr r = Runtime.PyObject_Call(obj, args.obj, kw != null ? kw.obj : IntPtr.Zero);
if (r == IntPtr.Zero) {
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyObject(r);
}
/// <summary>
/// InvokeMethod Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the named method of the object with the given arguments.
/// A PythonException is raised if the invokation is unsuccessful.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject InvokeMethod(string name, params PyObject[] args) {
PyObject method = GetAttr(name);
PyObject result = method.Invoke(args);
method.Dispose();
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// InvokeMethod Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the named method of the object with the given arguments.
/// A PythonException is raised if the invokation is unsuccessful.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject InvokeMethod(string name, PyTuple args) {
PyObject method = GetAttr(name);
PyObject result = method.Invoke(args);
method.Dispose();
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// InvokeMethod Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the named method of the object with the given arguments
/// and keyword arguments. Keyword args are passed as a PyDict object.
/// A PythonException is raised if the invokation is unsuccessful.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject InvokeMethod(string name, PyObject[] args, PyDict kw) {
PyObject method = GetAttr(name);
PyObject result = method.Invoke(args, kw);
method.Dispose();
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// InvokeMethod Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the named method of the object with the given arguments
/// and keyword arguments. Keyword args are passed as a PyDict object.
/// A PythonException is raised if the invokation is unsuccessful.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject InvokeMethod(string name, PyTuple args, PyDict kw) {
PyObject method = GetAttr(name);
PyObject result = method.Invoke(args, kw);
method.Dispose();
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// IsInstance Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Return true if the object is an instance of the given Python type
/// or class. This method always succeeds.
/// </remarks>
public bool IsInstance(PyObject typeOrClass) {
int r = Runtime.PyObject_IsInstance(obj, typeOrClass.obj);
if (r < 0) {
Runtime.PyErr_Clear();
return false;
}
return (r != 0);
}
/// <summary>
/// IsSubclass Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Return true if the object is identical to or derived from the
/// given Python type or class. This method always succeeds.
/// </remarks>
public bool IsSubclass(PyObject typeOrClass) {
int r = Runtime.PyObject_IsSubclass(obj, typeOrClass.obj);
if (r < 0) {
Runtime.PyErr_Clear();
return false;
}
return (r != 0);
}
/// <summary>
/// IsCallable Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Returns true if the object is a callable object. This method
/// always succeeds.
/// </remarks>
public bool IsCallable() {
return (Runtime.PyCallable_Check(obj) != 0);
}
/// <summary>
/// IsIterable Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Returns true if the object is iterable object. This method
/// always succeeds.
/// </remarks>
public bool IsIterable()
{
return Runtime.PyIter_Check(obj);
}
/// <summary>
/// IsTrue Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Return true if the object is true according to Python semantics.
/// This method always succeeds.
/// </remarks>
public bool IsTrue() {
return (Runtime.PyObject_IsTrue(obj) != 0);
}
/// <summary>
/// Dir Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Return a list of the names of the attributes of the object. This
/// is equivalent to the Python expression "dir(object)".
/// </remarks>
public PyList Dir() {
IntPtr r = Runtime.PyObject_Dir(obj);
if (r == IntPtr.Zero) {
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyList(r);
}
/// <summary>
/// Repr Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Return a string representation of the object. This method is
/// the managed equivalent of the Python expression "repr(object)".
/// </remarks>
public string Repr() {
IntPtr strval = Runtime.PyObject_Repr(obj);
string result = Runtime.GetManagedString(strval);
Runtime.Decref(strval);
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// ToString Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Return the string representation of the object. This method is
/// the managed equivalent of the Python expression "str(object)".
/// </remarks>
public override string ToString() {
IntPtr strval = Runtime.PyObject_Unicode(obj);
string result = Runtime.GetManagedString(strval);
Runtime.Decref(strval);
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// Equals Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Return true if this object is equal to the given object. This
/// method is based on Python equality semantics.
/// </remarks>
public override bool Equals(object o) {
if (!(o is PyObject)) {
return false;
}
if (obj == ((PyObject) o).obj) {
return true;
}
int r = Runtime.PyObject_Compare(obj, ((PyObject) o).obj);
if (Exceptions.ErrorOccurred()) {
throw new PythonException();
}
return (r == 0);
}
/// <summary>
/// GetHashCode Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Return a hashcode based on the Python object. This returns the
/// hash as computed by Python, equivalent to the Python expression
/// "hash(obj)".
/// </remarks>
public override int GetHashCode() {
return Runtime.PyObject_Hash(obj).ToInt32();
}
public override bool TryGetMember(GetMemberBinder binder, out object result)
{
if (this.HasAttr(binder.Name))
{
result = this.GetAttr(binder.Name);
return true;
}
else
return base.TryGetMember(binder, out result);
}
public override bool TrySetMember(SetMemberBinder binder, object value)
{
if (this.HasAttr(binder.Name))
{
this.SetAttr(binder.Name, (PyObject)value);
return true;
}
else
return base.TrySetMember(binder, value);
}
private void GetArgs(object[] inargs, out PyTuple args, out PyDict kwargs)
{
int arg_count;
for (arg_count = 0; arg_count < inargs.Length && !(inargs[arg_count] is Py.KeywordArguments); ++arg_count);
IntPtr argtuple = Runtime.PyTuple_New(arg_count);
for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++)
{
IntPtr ptr;
if (inargs[i] is PyObject)
{
ptr = ((PyObject)inargs[i]).Handle;
Runtime.Incref(ptr);
}
else
{
ptr = Converter.ToPython(inargs[i], inargs[i].GetType());
}
if (Runtime.PyTuple_SetItem(argtuple, i, ptr) < 0)
throw new PythonException();
}
args = new PyTuple(argtuple);
kwargs = null;
for (int i = arg_count; i < inargs.Length; i++)
{
if (!(inargs[i] is Py.KeywordArguments))
throw new ArgumentException("Keyword arguments must come after normal arguments.");
if (kwargs == null)
kwargs = (Py.KeywordArguments)inargs[i];
else
kwargs.Update((Py.KeywordArguments)inargs[i]);
}
}
public override bool TryInvokeMember(InvokeMemberBinder binder, object[] args, out object result)
{
if (this.HasAttr(binder.Name) && this.GetAttr(binder.Name).IsCallable())
{
PyTuple pyargs;
PyDict kwargs;
GetArgs(args, out pyargs, out kwargs);
result = InvokeMethod(binder.Name, pyargs, kwargs);
return true;
}
else
return base.TryInvokeMember(binder, args, out result);
}
public override bool TryInvoke(InvokeBinder binder, object[] args, out object result)
{
if (this.IsCallable())
{
PyTuple pyargs;
PyDict kwargs;
GetArgs(args, out pyargs, out kwargs);
result = Invoke(pyargs, kwargs);
return true;
}
else
return base.TryInvoke(binder, args, out result);
}
public override bool TryConvert(ConvertBinder binder, out object result)
{
return Converter.ToManaged(this.obj, binder.Type, out result, false);
}
public override bool TryBinaryOperation(BinaryOperationBinder binder, Object arg, out Object result) {
IntPtr res;
if (!(arg is PyObject))
arg = arg.ToPython();
switch (binder.Operation)
{
case ExpressionType.Add:
res = Runtime.PyNumber_Add(this.obj, ((PyObject)arg).obj);
break;
case ExpressionType.AddAssign: