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<h1 id="badblocks">badblocks</h1><p>查找磁盘中损坏的区块</p>
<h2 id="补充说明">补充说明</h2><p><strong>badblock命令</strong> 用于查找磁盘中损坏的区块。 硬盘是一个损耗设备，当使用一段时间后可能会出现坏道等物理故障。电脑硬盘出现坏道后，如果不及时更换或进行技术处理，坏道就会越来越多，并会造成频繁死机和数据丢失。最好的处理方式是更换磁盘，但在临时的情况下，应及时屏蔽坏道部分的扇区，不要触动它们。badblocks就是一个很好的检查坏道位置的工具。</p>
<h3 id="语法">语法</h3><pre><code class="language-shell">badblock<span class="token punctuation">(</span>选项<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>参数<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="选项">选项</h3><pre><code class="language-shell">-b<span class="token operator"><</span>区块大小<span class="token operator">></span>：指定磁盘的区块大小，单位为字节；
-o<span class="token operator"><</span>输出文件<span class="token operator">></span>：将检查的结果写入指定的输出文件；
-s：在检查时显示进度；
-v：执行时显示详细的信息；
-w：在检查时，执行写入测试。</code></pre>
<h3 id="参数">参数</h3><ul>
<li>磁盘装置：指定要检查的磁盘装置；</li>
<li>磁盘区块数：指定磁盘装置的区块总数；</li>
<li>启始区块：指定要从哪个区块开始检查。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="实例">实例</h3><p>badblocks以 4096 的一个block，每一个block检查16次，将结果输出到“hda-badblocks-list”文件里。</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">badblocks -b 4096 -c 16 /dev/hda1 -o hda-badblocks-list</code></pre>
<p>hda-badblocks-list是个文本文件，内容如下：</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">cat</span> hda-badblocks-list
51249
51250
51251
51253
51254
……
61245
……</code></pre>
<p>可以针对可疑的区块多做几次操作。下面，badblocks以4096字节为一个“block”,每一个“block”检查1次, 将结果输出到“hda-badblocks-list.1”文件中，由第51000 block开始，到63000 block结束。</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">badblocks -b 4096 -c 1 /dev/hda1 -o hda-badblocks-list.1 63000 51000</code></pre>
<p>这次花费的时间比较短，硬盘在指定的情况下在很短的时间就产生“嘎嘎嘎嘎”的响声。由于检查条件的不同，其输出的结果也不完全是相同的。重复几次同样的操作，因条件多少都有些不同，所以结果也有所不同。进行多次操作后，直到产生最后的hda-badblock-list.final文件。</p>
<h3 id="其他">其他</h3><p><strong>1、fsck使用badblocks的信息</strong> </p>
<p>badblocks只会在日志文件中标记出坏道的信息，但若希望在检测磁盘时也能跳过这些坏块不检测，可以使用fsck的-l参数：</p>
<pre><code>fsck.ext3 -l /tmp/hda-badblock-list.final /dev/hda1</code></pre><p><strong>2、在创建文件系统前检测坏道</strong> </p>
<p>badblocks可以随e2fsck和mke2fs的-c删除一起运行（对ext3文件系统也一样），在创建文件系统前就先检测坏道信息：</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">mkfs.ext3 -c /dev/hda1</code></pre>
<p>代码表示使用-c在创建文件系统前检查坏道的硬盘。</p>
<p>这个操作已经很清楚地告知我们可以采用<code>mkfs.ext3 -c</code>选项用<code>read-only</code>方式检查硬盘。这个命令会在格式化硬盘时检查硬盘，并标出错误的硬盘“block”。用这个方法格式化硬盘，需要有相当大的耐心，因为命令运行后，会一个个用读的方式检查硬盘。</p>
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