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<h1>Web Frameworks</h1>

<p>A web application framework is a collection of libraries that

provide functionality to accomplish common operations for the web. These

common operations include:</p>

<ol class="arabic simple">

<li>URL routing</li>

<li>HTML, XML, JSON, and other output format templating</li>

<li>Database manipulation</li>

<li>Security against Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) and other attacks</li>

<p>Not all web frameworks include functionality for all of the above

functionality. Frameworks fall somewhere between simply executing a

single use case and attempting to be everything to every developer with

increased complexity.</p>

<p>For example, the Django web application framework includes an

Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) layer that abstracts relational database

read, write, query, and delete operations. However, Django's ORM

does not work (without modification) on non-relational databases such

<a class="reference external" href="http://www.mongodb.org/">MongoDB</a> and <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.basho.com/">Riak</a>.

Other web frameworks such as Flask and Pyramid are generally easier to

use with non-relational databases by incorporating external Python libraries.</p>

<div class="section" id="web-framework-monitoring">

<h2>Web Framework Monitoring</h2>

<p>Logging is a common mechanism for monitoring web applications written with a

web framework. Runtime exceptions that prevent code from running are

important to log to investigate and fix the source of the problems.

Informational and debugging logging also helps to understand how the

application is performing even if code is working as intended.</p>

<p>Logging is often grouped into several categories:</p>

<ol class="arabic simple">

<li>Information</li>

<li>Debug</li>

<li>Warning</li>

<li>Error</li>

<p>Logging errors that occur while a web framework is running is crucial to

understanding how your application is performing.

<a class="reference external" href="http://raven.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">Raven</a> is a Python client for the

<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/getsentry/sentry">Sentry</a> exception logging and

aggregation application. Raven provides the way to send exceptions to

Sentry, which should be deployed on a separate server from your production

infrastructure. Raven can also be used by Python scripts to send other

log data to Sentry for aggregation. Sentry provides a clean web application

interface for viewing the exceptions. Sentry can also be configured with a

mail plugin to send emails when exceptions occur.</p>

<div class="section" id="web-framework-resources">

<h2>Web Framework Resources</h2>

<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.djangoproject.com/">Django</a>,

<a class="reference external" href="http://flask.pocoo.org/">Flask</a>,

<a class="reference external" href="http://bottlepy.org/docs/dev/">Bottle</a>,

<a class="reference external" href="http://www.pylonsproject.org/">Pyramid</a>, and

<a class="reference external" href="http://webpy.org/">web.py</a> are the most common Python web frameworks.</p>

<p><a class="reference external" href="http://effectivedjango.com/">Effective Django</a> and

<a class="reference external" href="http://www.tangowithdjango.com/book/">Tango with Django</a> are a great free

introductions to using the most popular Python web framework.</p>

<p><a class="reference external" href="http://twoscoopspress.org/products/two-scoops-of-django-1-5-e-book-bundle">2 Scoops of Django</a>

by Daniel Greenfield and Audrey Roy is well worth the price of admission if

you're serious about learning how to correctly develop Django websites.</p>

<br/>

Next read the

<a href="/static-content.html">static content</a> section.

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<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item ">Introduction</a>

<a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item ">Servers</a>

<a href="/operating-systems.html" class="list-group-item ">Operating Systems</a>

<a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item ">Web Servers</a>

<a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item ">Databases</a>

<a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item ">WSGI Servers</a>

<a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item active">Web Frameworks</a>

<a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item ">Static Content</a>

<a href="/website-security.html" class="list-group-item ">Website Security</a>

<a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item ">Caching</a>

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<a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item ">Monitoring</a>

<a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item ">Source Control</a>

<a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item ">Configuration Management</a>

<a href="/dependency-management.html" class="list-group-item ">Application Dependencies</a>

<a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item ">NoSQL Data Stores</a>

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