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OOP means Object oriented Programming.In this programming paradigm, focus is more on object rather than procedure."/>

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<br>

<h3>Python OOP</h3>

<hr>

<p>As we know, Python is a multi-programming paradigm. It supports diffrent types of programming approaches in which OOP is one of them<br>

OOP means Object oriented Programming.In this programming paradigm, focus is more on object rather than procedure.</p>

<b>What is Object?</b><br>

<p>Object is an identifiable entity which has some attributes and behaviour.<br>

An object consists of-<br></p>

<ul>

<li><p>attributes</p></li>

<li><p>behaviour</p></li>

</ul>

<p>Let's take an example:<br>

Suppose I have a <b>Car</b> as object, as it has following properties:</p>

<ul><li><p>Name,color,modelno. as attributes.</p></li>

<li><p>running,transporting as behaviour.</p></li></ul>

<p>In python, OOP follows some important principles:</p>

<h5>Class</h5>

<p>Class can be defines as a group of objects or a blueprint of objects.<br>

We can think a Car as an <b>class</b>.<br>

</p>

<b>Syntax:</b>

<pre><code><b>class classname:</b></code></pre>

<p>To define a class we will use<b>class</b> keyword as mentioned in the syntax.</p><br>

<b>Example:</b>

<pre><code><b>class</b>Car:</code></pre>

<p>Here classname is <b>Car</b>.</p>

<h5>Object</h5>

<p>An object is defined as a instance of class.<br>

When class is defined, only the description for the object is defined. Therefore, no memory or storage is allocated.<br>

Example of object of class Car.</p>

<b>Example:</b>

<p>Suppose we have some datails about class <b>Car</b>And now we are building the class and objects of Car.</p>

<b>Example:</b>

class Car:

# class attribute

type="vehicle"

# instance attribute

def __init__(self, name, color):

self.name = name

self.color = color

# instantiate the Parrot class

xuv= Car("XUV", "white")

verna = Car("Verna", "black")

# access the class attributes

print("XUV is a {}".format(xuv.__class__.type))

print("Verna is also a {}".format(verna.__class__.type))

# access the instance attributes

print("{} is {} in color".format( xuv.name, xuv.color))

print("{} is {} in color".format( verna.name, verna.color))

</code></pre>

<b>Output:</b>

<pre><code>XUV is a vehicle

Verna is also a vehicle

XUV is white in color

Verna is black in color

</code></pre>

<p>In the above code, we created a class named <b>Car</b>.Then we define some attributes of an object.<br>

These attributes are defined under <b>__init__()</b> method.It's a method which runs as the object is created.<br>

Then we created the object of the class:<b>xuv</b> and <b>verna</b>.</p>

<h5>Methods</h5>

<p>Methods can be defined as the functions inside the class.</p><br>

<b>Example:</b>

class Car:

# instance attributes

def __init__(self, name, color):

self.name = name

self.color = color

# instance method

def run(self, speed):

return "{} runs at speed of {}km/h".format(self.name, speed)

# instantiate the object

xuv = Car("XUV","white")

verna=Car("Verna","Black")

# call our instance methods

print(xuv.run(70))

print(verna.run(60))

</code></pre>

<b>Output:</b>

<pre><code>XUV runs at speed of 70km/h

Verna runs at speed of 60km/h

</code></pre>

<p>In the above code, we define a method <b>run()</b>.</p>

<h5>Inheritance</h5>

<p>Inheritance can be defined as a way of creating a new class from a existing class without modifying it.The new class is be known as <b>Derived class</b> and the existing class is known as <b>Base class</b>.</p>

<b>Example:</b>

# base class

class Car:

def __init__(self):

print("Car is ready")

def whatType(self):

print("Car")

def speed(self):

print("Speed fast")

# child class

class Diesel(Car):

def __init__(self):

# call super() function-The super() function in Python makes class inheritance more manageable and extensible.

super().__init__()

print("Diesal car is ready")

def whatType(self):

print("Diesel Car")

def run(self):

print("Run faster")

peggy = Diesel()

peggy.whatType()

peggy.speed()

peggy.run()

</code></pre>

<b>Output:</b>

Car is ready

Diesal car is ready

Diesel Car

Speed fast

Run faster

</code></pre>

<h5>Polymorphism</h5>

<p>A simple definition of Polymorphism can be <b>"One name in multiple form"</b><br>

Suppose we need to find out the area of different shapes like circle,square etc.Although we can use same method to find out the area of any shape. This is called Polymorphism.</p>

<b>Example:</b>

class Car:

def speed(self):

print("Car can speed faster")

class Bicycle:

def speed(self):

print("Bicycle can't speed faster")

# common interface

def speed_test(vehicle):

vehicle.speed()

#instantiate objects

ecosport= Car()

hercules = Bicycle()

# passing the object

speed_test(ecosport)

speed_test(hercules)

</code></pre>

<b>Output:</b>

Car can speed faster

Bicycle can't speed faster

</code></pre>

<p>In the above code, we defined 2 classes <b>Car</b> and <b>Bicycle</b>.Both class uses the same method <b>speed()</b> but their functions are different.</p>

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