Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.

Once the next version of datafusion is released upstream, apache/datafusion#15280 provides catalog and schema providers. We should expose these in datafusion-python.

Describe the solution you'd like

Similar to table providers, implement in datafusion-python and expose to suers.

Describe alternatives you've considered

None

Additional context

We need to ensure we have good integration tests for these.

We need to support the issue #1103 which is broader that the FFI approach we have described in this issue.