Patch branch version of #57453 - #57504

…7504)

Previously the zoneless scheduler had a concept of whether views needed to
be refreshed or not, based on the notification type that was received. It
tracked this information as a boolean.

This commit refactors things to track dirtiness in `ApplicationRef` itself,
as a `dirtyFlags` field with bits corresponding to either view tree
dirtiness or after-render hooks.

PR Close #57453

PR Close #57504

…hases (#57453) (#57504)

The `afterRender` infrastructure was first implemented around the idea of
independent, singular hooks. It was later updated to support a spec of
multiple hooks that pass values from one to another as they execute, but the
implementation still worked in terms of singular hooks under the hood. This
creates a number of maintenance issues, and a few bugs. For example, when
one hook fails, further hooks in the pipeline should no longer execute, but
this was hard to ensure under the old design.

This refactoring restructures `afterRender` infrastructure significantly to
introduce the concept of a "sequence", a collection of hooks of different
phases that execute together. Overall, the implementation is simplified
while making it more resilient to issues and future use cases, such as the
upcoming `afterRenderEffect`.

As part of this refactoring, the `internalAfterNextRender` concept is
removed, as well as the unused `queueStateUpdate` concept which used it.

PR Close #57453

PR Close #57504