x = 2
print(x)
print(x + 3)

str1 = "Hi There!"

str2 = 'Hi There!'

str3 = '''
  Hi there
  What to do      
  '''

str4 = """
  Hi there
  What to do      
  """

print(str1)
print(str2)
print(str3)
print(str4)

list_a = [1,2,3]
print(list_a)

list_b = [1,'a',3, 'd']
print(list_b)

# ex.1.
tuple_a = 1, 2, 3
print(tuple_a)

# ex.2.
tuple_b = (1, 2, 3)
print(tuple_b)

# lists
list_a = [1,2,3]
print(list_a[1])  # 2
list_a[1] = 55    # mutable
print(list_a[1])  # 5


# tuples
tuple_a = 1, 2, 3
print(tuple_a[1]) # 2
# tuple_a[1] = 55 # immutable
# print(tuple_a[1])

# TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

dict_a = {
  'key_1': 'value_1',
  'key_2': 2,
  'key_3': True,
  'key_4': [],
  'key_5': {},
  'key_6': (),
  'key_7': object,
  'key_8': None,
  9: 9,
  10: 10,
}

print(dict_a)

set_a = {'ada', 1, 'ada', 9, False, 'b'}
print(set_a)

x = 2
if x > 1:
  print('more than 1')

if x == 1:
  print('equal 1')
else:
  print('not equal')

for i in range(4):
  print(i)

for i in [4,6,8,9]:
  print(i)

x = 3
while x > 0:
  print(x)
  x -= 1

def func_1():
  print('Hi there')

func_1()

def pow_2(arg1):
  return arg1**2

r = pow_2(4)
print(r)

def sum(arg1, arg2):
  return arg1 + arg2

r = sum(3,6)
print(r)

def func_2(arg1, arg2, *args, **kwargs):
  print(arg1)
  print(arg2)
  print(args)
  print(kwargs)


func_2('ada', 33)

func_2('ada', 33, False, 44)

func_2('ada', 33, show=False, age=44)

int_ = 123
float_ = 3.14
complex_ = 1 + 2j
str_ = 'Salem'
bool_ = True
none_ = None


print(int_)
print(type(int_)) #  <class 'int'>
print('Is object :', isinstance(int_, object)) # True
print()


print(float_)
print(type(float_)) # <class 'float'>
print('Is object :', isinstance(float_, object)) # True
print()

print(complex_)
print(type(complex_)) # <class 'complex'>
print('Is object :', isinstance(complex_, object)) # True
print()


print(str_)
print(type(str_)) # <class 'str'>
print('Is object :', isinstance(str_, object)) # True
print()


print(bool_)
print(type(bool_)) # <class 'bool'>
print('Is object :', isinstance(bool_, object)) # True
print()


print(none_)
print(type(none_)) # <class 'NoneType'>
print('Is object :', isinstance(none_, object)) # True
print()

# name_of_var = some_value

a = 12

'''
+    Addition
-    Subtraction
*    Multiplication
/    Division
//   Floor Division
%    Modulo
**   Power
'''

print(1 + 2)
print(3.14 + 5)

print(5 - 3)
print(2 - 3.14)

print(6 * 2)

print(2 ** 3)
print(4 ** 2)

print(4/2)
print(8/4)

print(4//2)
print(8//3)

print(4%2)
print(4%3)
print(2%4)
print(1%4)
print(3%4)

# https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/the-python-modulo-operator-what-does-the-symbol-mean-in-python-solved/

print('0%3 : ', 0%3)
print('1%3 : ', 1%3)
print('2%3 : ', 2%3)
print('3%3 : ', 3%3)
print('4%3 : ', 4%3)
print('5%3 : ', 5%3)
print('6%3 : ', 6%3)
print('7%3 : ', 7%3)
print('8%3 : ', 8%3)

print()
print('-0%3 : ', -0%3)
print('-1%3 : ', -1%3)
print('-2%3 : ', -2%3)
print('-3%3 : ', -3%3)
print('-4%3 : ', -4%3)
print('-5%3 : ', -5%3)
print('-6%3 : ', -6%3)
print('-7%3 : ', -7%3)
print('-8%3 : ', -8%3)

days = ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']

print(days[ (1) % len(days) ])
print(days[ (7) % len(days) ])
print(days[ (6) % len(days) ])

print(days[ (6+1) % len(days) ]) # Sun + 1 = Mon
print(days[ (6+3) % len(days) ]) # Sun + 3 = Wed

print(days[ (1-1) % len(days) ]) # Tue - 1 = Mon
print(days[ (1-5) % len(days) ]) # Tue - 5 = Fri
print(days[ (1-14) % len(days) ]) # Tue - 14 = Tue
print(days[ (1-15) % len(days) ]) # Tue - 15 = Mon

'''

==   Equal To
>    Greater Than
>=   Greater Than or Equal To
<    Less Than
<=   Less Than or Equal To
!=   Not Equal

'''

print(4 == 4)
print(3 == 1)
print(True == False)
print(3.14 == 3.14)
print(1 == 1.0)

print(1 < 1.0)
print(True > False)


print( 1 < 2 < 3)
print( 5 >= 4 == 4)

and
or
not

int_ = 1
float_ = 1.0
complex_ = 1 + 0j
str_ = 'Salem'
bool_ = True
none_ = None


print(int(int_))      # 1
print(float(int_))    # 1.0
print(complex(int_))  # (1+0j)
print(str(int_))      # '1'
print(bool(int_))     # True
print(bool(0))        # False
print()

print(int(float_))      # 1
print(float(float_))    # 1.0
print(complex(float_))  # (1+0j)
print(str(float_))      # 1.0
print(bool(float_))     # True
print(bool(0.0))        # False
print()

# print(int(complex_))      # TypeError: can't convert complex to int
# print(float(complex_))    # TypeError: can't convert complex to float
print(complex(complex_))  # (1+0j)
print(str(complex_))      # (1+0j)
print(bool(complex_))     # True
print(bool((0+0j)))       # False
print()

# print(int(str_))      # ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'Salem'
# print(float(str_))    # ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'Salem'
# print(complex(str_))  # ValueError: complex() arg is a malformed string
print(int('1'))        # 1
print(float('1'))      # 1.0
print(complex('1'))    # (1+0j)
print(str(str_))        # Salem
print(bool(str_))       # True
print(bool(''))         # False
print()

print(int(True))      # 1
print(float(True))    # 1.0
print(complex(True))  # (1+0j)
print(str(True))      # True
print(bool(True))     # True
print()

print(int(False))      # 0
print(float(False))    # 0.0
print(complex(False))  # (0+0j)
print(str(False))      # False
print(bool(False))     # False
print()

# print(int(none_))      # TypeError: int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a number, not 'NoneType'
# print(float(none_))    # TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a number, not 'NoneType'
# print(complex(none_))  # TypeError: complex() first argument must be a string or a number, not 'NoneType'
print(str(none_))      # 'None'
print(bool(none_))     # False
print()

# ...
a = 2
b = 3

tmp = a
a = b
b = tmp


# ...
a = 2
b = 3
b, a = a, b