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280.08a41 41 0 0 1-57.96-57.96l57.96-58a41.04 41.04 0 0 1 58 58l-58 57.96zM512 752a240 240 0 1 1 0-480 240 240 0 0 1 0 480zm0-560a40 40 0 0 1-40-40V72a40 40 0 0 1 80 0v80a40 40 0 0 1-40 40zm-289.88 88.08-58-57.96a41.04 41.04 0 0 1 58-58l57.96 58a41 41 0 0 1-57.96 57.96zM192 512a40 40 0 0 1-40 40H72a40 40 0 0 1 0-80h80a40 40 0 0 1 40 40zm30.12 231.92a41 41 0 0 1 57.96 57.96l-57.96 58a41.04 41.04 0 0 1-58-58l58-57.96zM512 832a40 40 0 0 1 40 40v80a40 40 0 0 1-80 0v-80a40 40 0 0 1 40-40zm289.88-88.08 58 57.96a41.04 41.04 0 0 1-58 58l-57.96-58a41 41 0 0 1 57.96-57.96z"></path></svg></button></div><div id="docsearch-container"></div><button class="toggle-navbar-button" aria-label="Toggle Navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="nav-screen"></button></div></header><div class="toggle-sidebar-wrapper"></div><aside class="sidebar"><ul class="sidebar-links"><li><a href="/home.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="一、前言">一、前言</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable active">二、Java核心</button><ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">2.1 Java概述</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">2.2 Java语法基础</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">2.3 数组&字符串</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">2.4 面向对象编程</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">2.5 集合框架（容器）</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">2.6 IO</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">2.7 异常处理</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">2.8 常用工具类</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">2.9 Java新特性</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">2.10 Java重要知识点</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable active">2.11 并发编程</button><ul class="sidebar-links"><li><a href="/thread/wangzhe-thread.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="创建Java线程的3种方式">创建Java线程的3种方式</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/thread-state-and-method.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="线程的6种状态及切换">线程的6种状态及切换</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/thread-group-and-thread-priority.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="线程组和线程优先级">线程组和线程优先级</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/why-need-thread.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="进程与线程的区别">进程与线程的区别</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/thread-bring-some-problem.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="并发编程带来了哪些问题">并发编程带来了哪些问题</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/jmm.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Java内存模型">Java内存模型</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/volatile.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="volatile">volatile</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/synchronized.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="synchronized">synchronized</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/cas.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="CAS的原理">CAS的原理</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/aqs.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="AQS详解">AQS详解</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/lock.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="锁">锁</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/reentrantLock.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="重入锁ReentrantLock">重入锁ReentrantLock</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/ReentrantReadWriteLock.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="读写锁ReentrantReadWriteLock">读写锁ReentrantReadWriteLock</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/condition.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="线程协作类Condition">线程协作类Condition</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/LockSupport.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="线程阻塞唤醒类LockSupport">线程阻塞唤醒类LockSupport</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/map.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="并发集合容器">并发集合容器</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/ConcurrentHashMap.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="ConcurrentHashMap">ConcurrentHashMap</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/ConcurrentLinkedQueue.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="ConcurrentLinkedQueue">ConcurrentLinkedQueue</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/CopyOnWriteArrayList.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="CopyOnWriteArrayList">CopyOnWriteArrayList</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/ThreadLocal.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="ThreadLocal">ThreadLocal</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/BlockingQueue.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="BlockingQueue">BlockingQueue</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link active sidebar-link sidebar-page active" aria-label="线程池">线程池</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#为什么要使用线程池" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="为什么要使用线程池">为什么要使用线程池</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#线程池的原理" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="线程池的原理">线程池的原理</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#threadpoolexecutor提供的构造方法" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="ThreadPoolExecutor提供的构造方法">ThreadPoolExecutor提供的构造方法</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#threadpoolexecutor的策略" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="ThreadPoolExecutor的策略">ThreadPoolExecutor的策略</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#线程池主要的任务处理流程" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="线程池主要的任务处理流程">线程池主要的任务处理流程</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#threadpoolexecutor如何做到线程复用的" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="ThreadPoolExecutor如何做到线程复用的？">ThreadPoolExecutor如何做到线程复用的？</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#四种常见的线程池" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="四种常见的线程池">四种常见的线程池</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#newcachedthreadpool" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="newCachedThreadPool">newCachedThreadPool</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#newfixedthreadpool" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="newFixedThreadPool">newFixedThreadPool</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#newsinglethreadexecutor" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="newSingleThreadExecutor">newSingleThreadExecutor</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#newscheduledthreadpool" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="newScheduledThreadPool">newScheduledThreadPool</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="计划任务">计划任务</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/atomic.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="原子操作类">原子操作类</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/CountDownLatch.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="通信工具类CountDownLatch">通信工具类CountDownLatch</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/fork-join.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Fork/Join框架">Fork/Join框架</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/thread/shengchanzhe-xiaofeizhe.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="生产者-消费者模式">生产者-消费者模式</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">2.12 JVM</button></section></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">三、Java企业级开发</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">四、数据库</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">五、计算机基础</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">六、求职面试</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">七、学习资源</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">八、学习建议</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">九、知识库搭建</button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable">十、联系作者</button></section></li></ul></aside><main class="page" id="main-content"><nav class="breadcrumb disable"></nav><div class="page-title"><h1>面试必备：Java线程池解析</h1><div class="page-info"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon author-icon" viewbox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="author icon"><path d="M649.6 633.6c86.4-48 147.2-144 147.2-249.6 0-160-128-288-288-288s-288 128-288 288c0 108.8 57.6 201.6 147.2 249.6-121.6 48-214.4 153.6-240 288-3.2 9.6 0 19.2 6.4 25.6 3.2 9.6 12.8 12.8 22.4 12.8h704c9.6 0 19.2-3.2 25.6-12.8 6.4-6.4 9.6-16 6.4-25.6-25.6-134.4-121.6-240-243.2-288z"></path></svg><a class="author-item" href="/about-the-author/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">沉默王二</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon calendar-icon" viewbox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="calendar icon"><path d="M716.4 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content="PT15M"></div><hr></div><div class="toc-place-holder"><aside id="toc"><div class="toc-header">此页内容</div><div class="toc-wrapper"><ul class="toc-list"><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#为什么要使用线程池" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level2">为什么要使用线程池</a></li><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#线程池的原理" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level2">线程池的原理</a></li><ul class="toc-list"><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#threadpoolexecutor提供的构造方法" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">ThreadPoolExecutor提供的构造方法</a></li><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#threadpoolexecutor的策略" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">ThreadPoolExecutor的策略</a></li><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#线程池主要的任务处理流程" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">线程池主要的任务处理流程</a></li><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#threadpoolexecutor如何做到线程复用的" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">ThreadPoolExecutor如何做到线程复用的？</a></li></ul><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#四种常见的线程池" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level2">四种常见的线程池</a></li><ul class="toc-list"><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#newcachedthreadpool" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">newCachedThreadPool</a></li><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#newfixedthreadpool" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">newFixedThreadPool</a></li><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#newsinglethreadexecutor" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">newSingleThreadExecutor</a></li><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/thread/pool.html#newscheduledthreadpool" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">newScheduledThreadPool</a></li></ul></ul></div></aside></div><div class="theme-hope-content"><h2 id="为什么要使用线程池" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#为什么要使用线程池" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 为什么要使用线程池</h2>使用线程池主要有以下三个原因：<ol><li>创建/销毁线程需要消耗系统资源，线程池可以复用已创建的线程。</li><li>控制并发的数量。并发数量过多，可能会导致资源消耗过多，从而造成服务器崩溃。（主要原因）</li><li>可以对线程做统一管理。</li></ol><h2 id="线程池的原理" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#线程池的原理" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 线程池的原理</h2>Java中的线程池顶层接口是<code>Executor</code>接口，<code>ThreadPoolExecutor</code>是这个接口的实现类。我们先看看<code>ThreadPoolExecutor</code>类。<h3 id="threadpoolexecutor提供的构造方法" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#threadpoolexecutor提供的构造方法" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ThreadPoolExecutor提供的构造方法</h3>一共有四个构造方法：<div class="language-java ext-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code>// 五个参数的构造函数

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,

int maximumPoolSize,

long keepAliveTime,

TimeUnit unit,

BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue)

// 六个参数的构造函数-1

int maximumPoolSize,

long keepAliveTime,

TimeUnit unit,

ThreadFactory threadFactory)

// 六个参数的构造函数-2

int maximumPoolSize,

long keepAliveTime,

TimeUnit unit,

RejectedExecutionHandler handler)

// 七个参数的构造函数

int maximumPoolSize,

long keepAliveTime,

TimeUnit unit,

ThreadFactory threadFactory,

RejectedExecutionHandler handler)

// 省略属性

// 构造函数

DefaultThreadFactory() {

SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();

group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() :

Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();

namePrefix = "pool-" +

poolNumber.getAndIncrement() +

"-thread-";

}

// 省略

}

private static final int RUNNING = -1 << COUNT_BITS;

private static final int SHUTDOWN = 0 << COUNT_BITS;

private static final int STOP = 1 << COUNT_BITS;

private static final int TIDYING = 2 << COUNT_BITS;

private static final int TERMINATED = 3 << COUNT_BITS;

public void execute(Runnable command) {

if (command == null)

throw new NullPointerException();

int c = ctl.get();

// 1.当前线程数小于corePoolSize,则调用addWorker创建核心线程执行任务

if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {

if (addWorker(command, true))

return;

c = ctl.get();

}

// 2.如果不小于corePoolSize，则将任务添加到workQueue队列。

if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {

int recheck = ctl.get();

// 2.1 如果isRunning返回false(状态检查)，则remove这个任务，然后执行拒绝策略。

if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))

reject(command);

// 2.2 线程池处于running状态，但是没有线程，则创建线程

else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)

addWorker(null, false);

}

// 3.如果放入workQueue失败，则创建非核心线程执行任务，

// 如果这时创建非核心线程失败(当前线程总数不小于maximumPoolSize时)，就会执行拒绝策略。

else if (!addWorker(command, false))

reject(command);

}

private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {

retry:

for (;;) {

// Check if queue empty only if necessary.

if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&

! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&

firstTask == null &&

! workQueue.isEmpty()))

return false;

int wc = workerCountOf(c);

if (wc >= CAPACITY ||

// 1.如果core是ture,证明需要创建的线程为核心线程，则先判断当前线程是否大于核心线程

// 如果core是false,证明需要创建的是非核心线程，则先判断当前线程数是否大于总线程数

// 如果不小于，则返回false

wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))

return false;

if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))

break retry;

if (runStateOf(c) != rs)

continue retry;

// else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop

}

boolean workerStarted = false;

boolean workerAdded = false;

Worker w = null;

try {

// 1.创建一个worker对象

w = new Worker(firstTask);

// 2.实例化一个Thread对象

final Thread t = w.thread;

if (t != null) {

// 3.线程池全局锁

final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;

mainLock.lock();

try {

// Recheck while holding lock.

// Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if

// shut down before lock acquired.

int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());

if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||

(rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {

if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable

throw new IllegalThreadStateException();

workers.add(w);

int s = workers.size();

if (s > largestPoolSize)

largestPoolSize = s;

workerAdded = true;

}

} finally {

mainLock.unlock();

}

if (workerAdded) {

// 4.启动这个线程

t.start();

workerStarted = true;

}

} finally {

if (! workerStarted)

addWorkerFailed(w);

}

return workerStarted;

}

private final class Worker extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer implements Runnable{

final Thread thread;

Runnable firstTask;

Worker(Runnable firstTask) {

setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorker

this.firstTask = firstTask;

this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);

}

public void run() {

runWorker(this);

}

//其余代码略...

}

final void runWorker(Worker w) {

Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();

Runnable task = w.firstTask;

w.firstTask = null;

// 1.线程启动之后，通过unlock方法释放锁

w.unlock(); // allow interrupts

boolean completedAbruptly = true;

try {

// 2.Worker执行firstTask或从workQueue中获取任务，如果getTask方法不返回null,循环不退出

while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {

// 2.1进行加锁操作，保证thread不被其他线程中断（除非线程池被中断）

w.lock();

// If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;

// if not, ensure thread is not interrupted. This

// requires a recheck in second case to deal with

// shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt

// 2.2检查线程池状态，倘若线程池处于中断状态，当前线程将中断。

if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||

(Thread.interrupted() &&

runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&

!wt.isInterrupted())

wt.interrupt();

try {

// 2.3执行beforeExecute

beforeExecute(wt, task);

Throwable thrown = null;

try {

// 2.4执行任务

task.run();

} catch (RuntimeException x) {

thrown = x; throw x;

} catch (Error x) {

thrown = x; throw x;

} catch (Throwable x) {

thrown = x; throw new Error(x);

} finally {

// 2.5执行afterExecute方法

afterExecute(task, thrown);

}

} finally {

task = null;

w.completedTasks++;

// 2.6解锁操作

}

completedAbruptly = false;

} finally {

processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);

}

private Runnable getTask() {

boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?

// Check if queue empty only if necessary.

if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {

decrementWorkerCount();

return null;

}

// Are workers subject to culling?

// 1.allowCoreThreadTimeOut变量默认是false,核心线程即使空闲也不会被销毁

// 如果为true,核心线程在keepAliveTime内仍空闲则会被销毁。

boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;

// 2.如果运行线程数超过了最大线程数，但是缓存队列已经空了，这时递减worker数量。

// 如果有设置允许线程超时或者线程数量超过了核心线程数量，

// 并且线程在规定时间内均未poll到任务且队列为空则递减worker数量

if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))

&& (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {

if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))

return null;

continue;

}

try {

// 3.如果timed为true(想想哪些情况下timed为true),则会调用workQueue的poll方法获取任务.

// 超时时间是keepAliveTime。如果超过keepAliveTime时长，

// poll返回了null，上边提到的while循序就会退出，线程也就执行完了。

// 如果timed为false（allowCoreThreadTimeOut为false

// 且wc > corePoolSize为false），则会调用workQueue的take方法阻塞在当前。

// 队列中有任务加入时，线程被唤醒，take方法返回任务，并执行。

Runnable r = timed ?

workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :

workQueue.take();

if (r != null)

return r;

timedOut = true;

} catch (InterruptedException retry) {

timedOut = false;

}

return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,

60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,

new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());

}

</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><code>CacheThreadPool</code>的运行流程如下：<ol><li>提交任务进线程池。</li><li>因为corePoolSize为0的关系，不创建核心线程，线程池最大为Integer.MAX_VALUE。</li><li>尝试将任务添加到SynchronousQueue队列。</li><li>如果SynchronousQueue入列成功，等待被当前运行的线程空闲后拉取执行。如果当前没有空闲线程，那么就创建一个非核心线程，然后从SynchronousQueue拉取任务并在当前线程执行。</li><li>如果SynchronousQueue已有任务在等待，入列操作将会阻塞。</li></ol>当需要执行很多短时间的任务时，CacheThreadPool的线程复用率比较高，会显著的提高性能。而且线程60s后会回收，意味着即使没有任务进来，CacheThreadPool并不会占用很多资源。<h3 id="newfixedthreadpool" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#newfixedthreadpool" aria-hidden="true">#</a> newFixedThreadPool</h3><div class="language-java ext-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code>public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {

return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,

0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,

new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());

}

</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div>核心线程数量和总线程数量相等，都是传入的参数nThreads，所以只能创建核心线程，不能创建非核心线程。因为LinkedBlockingQueue的默认大小是Integer.MAX_VALUE，故如果核心线程空闲，则交给核心线程处理；如果核心线程不空闲，则入列等待，直到核心线程空闲。与CachedThreadPool的区别：<ul><li>因为 corePoolSize == maximumPoolSize ，所以FixedThreadPool只会创建核心线程。而CachedThreadPool因为corePoolSize=0，所以只会创建非核心线程。</li><li>在 getTask() 方法，如果队列里没有任务可取，线程会一直阻塞在 LinkedBlockingQueue.take() ，线程不会被回收。 CachedThreadPool会在60s后收回。</li><li>由于线程不会被回收，会一直卡在阻塞，所以没有任务的情况下， FixedThreadPool占用资源更多。</li><li>都几乎不会触发拒绝策略，但是原理不同。FixedThreadPool是因为阻塞队列可以很大（最大为Integer最大值），故几乎不会触发拒绝策略；CachedThreadPool是因为线程池很大（最大为Integer最大值），几乎不会导致线程数量大于最大线程数，故几乎不会触发拒绝策略。</li></ul><h3 id="newsinglethreadexecutor" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#newsinglethreadexecutor" aria-hidden="true">#</a> newSingleThreadExecutor</h3><div class="language-java ext-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code>public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {

return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService

(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,

}

return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);

}

//ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor():

public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {

super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE,

DEFAULT_KEEPALIVE_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS,

new DelayedWorkQueue());

}

</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div>四种常见的线程池基本够我们使用了，但是《阿里巴巴开发手册》不建议我们直接使用Executors类中的线程池，而是通过<code>ThreadPoolExecutor</code>的方式，这样的处理方式让写的同学需要更加明确线程池的运行规则，规避资源耗尽的风险。但如果你及团队本身对线程池非常熟悉，又确定业务规模不会大到资源耗尽的程度（比如线程数量或任务队列长度可能达到Integer.MAX_VALUE）时，其实是可以使用JDK提供的这几个接口的，它能让我们的代码具有更强的可读性。<hr><blockquote>编辑：沉默王二，内容大部分来源以下三个开源仓库：<ul><li><a href="http://concurrent.redspider.group/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">深入浅出 Java 多线程<svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" 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