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class="title">四、数据库</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><span class="title">五、计算机基础</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><span class="title">六、求职面试</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><span class="title">七、学习资源</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><span class="title">八、学习建议</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><span class="title">九、知识库搭建</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><span class="title">十、联系作者</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button></section></li></ul></aside><main class="page" id="main-content"><nav class="breadcrumb disable"></nav><div class="page-title"><h1>深入理解Java字符串常量池</h1><div class="page-info"><span class="author-info" aria-label="作者🖊" data-balloon-pos="down" isoriginal="false" pageview="false"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon author-icon" viewbox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="author icon"><path d="M649.6 633.6c86.4-48 147.2-144 147.2-249.6 0-160-128-288-288-288s-288 128-288 288c0 108.8 57.6 201.6 147.2 249.6-121.6 48-214.4 153.6-240 288-3.2 9.6 0 19.2 6.4 25.6 3.2 9.6 12.8 12.8 22.4 12.8h704c9.6 0 19.2-3.2 25.6-12.8 6.4-6.4 9.6-16 6.4-25.6-25.6-134.4-121.6-240-243.2-288z"></path></svg><span><a class="author-item" href="/about-the-author/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">沉默王二</a></span><span property="author" content="沉默王二"></span></span><span class="date-info" aria-label="写作日期📅" data-balloon-pos="down" isoriginal="false" pageview="false"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon calendar-icon" viewbox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="calendar icon"><path d="M716.4 110.137c0-18.753-14.72-33.473-33.472-33.473-18.753 0-33.473 14.72-33.473 33.473v33.473h66.993v-33.473zm-334.87 0c0-18.753-14.72-33.473-33.473-33.473s-33.52 14.72-33.52 33.473v33.473h66.993v-33.473zm468.81 33.52H716.4v100.465c0 18.753-14.72 33.473-33.472 33.473a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.473-33.473V143.657H381.53v100.465c0 18.753-14.72 33.473-33.473 33.473a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.473-33.473V143.657H180.6A134.314 134.314 0 0046.66 277.595v535.756A134.314 134.314 0 00180.6 947.289h669.74a134.36 134.36 0 00133.94-133.938V277.595a134.314 134.314 0 00-133.94-133.938zm33.473 267.877H147.126a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.473-33.473c0-18.752 14.72-33.473 33.473-33.473h736.687c18.752 0 33.472 14.72 33.472 33.473a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.472 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2.913 7.132 2.913s5.223-1.005 7.132-2.913l470.39-470.39c2.01-2.11 3.014-5.023 2.813-8.036zm-240.067-72.121c-35.458 0-64.286-28.828-64.286-64.286s28.828-64.285 64.286-64.285 64.286 28.828 64.286 64.285-28.829 64.286-64.286 64.286z"></path></svg><ul class="tags-wrapper"><li class="tag tag5 clickable" role="navigation">数组&字符串</li></ul><meta property="keywords" content="数组&字符串"></span><span class="reading-time-info" aria-label="阅读时间⌛" data-balloon-pos="down" isoriginal="false" pageview="false"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon timer-icon" viewbox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="timer icon"><path d="M799.387 122.15c4.402-2.978 7.38-7.897 7.38-13.463v-1.165c0-8.933-7.38-16.312-16.312-16.312H256.33c-8.933 0-16.311 7.38-16.311 16.312v1.165c0 5.825 2.977 10.874 7.637 13.592 4.143 194.44 97.22 354.963 220.201 392.763-122.204 37.542-214.893 196.511-220.2 389.397-4.661 5.049-7.638 11.651-7.638 19.03v5.825h566.49v-5.825c0-7.379-2.849-13.981-7.509-18.9-5.049-193.016-97.867-351.985-220.2-389.527 123.24-37.67 216.446-198.453 220.588-392.892zM531.16 450.445v352.632c117.674 1.553 211.787 40.778 211.787 88.676H304.097c0-48.286 95.149-87.382 213.728-88.676V450.445c-93.077-3.107-167.901-81.297-167.901-177.093 0-8.803 6.99-15.793 15.793-15.793 8.803 0 15.794 6.99 15.794 15.793 0 80.261 63.69 145.635 142.01 145.635s142.011-65.374 142.011-145.635c0-8.803 6.99-15.793 15.794-15.793s15.793 6.99 15.793 15.793c0 95.019-73.789 172.82-165.96 177.093z"></path></svg><span>大约 4 分钟</span><meta property="timeRequired" content="PT4M"></span></div><hr></div><div class="theme-hope-content"><p>“三妹，今天我们来学习一下字符串常量池吧，这是字符串中非常关键的一个知识点。”我话音未落，青岛路小学那边传来了嘹亮的歌声就钻进了我的耳朵，“唱 ~ 山 ~ 歌 ~”</p><p>三妹说，“好呀，开始吧，哥。”</p><p>“先从这道面试题开始吧！”</p><div class="language-java ext-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token class-name">String</span> s <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"二哥"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>“这行代码创建了几个对象？”</p><p>“不就一个吗？”三妹不假思索地回答。</p><p>“不，两个！”我直接否定了三妹的答案，“使用 new 关键字创建一个字符串对象时，Java 虚拟机会先在字符串常量池中查找有没有‘二哥’这个字符串对象，如果有，就不会在字符串常量池中创建‘二哥’这个对象了，直接在堆中创建一个‘二哥’的字符串对象，然后将堆中这个‘二哥’的对象地址返回赋值给变量 s。”</p><p>“如果没有，先在字符串常量池中创建一个‘二哥’的字符串对象，然后再在堆中创建一个‘二哥’的字符串对象，然后将堆中这个‘二哥’的字符串对象地址返回赋值给变量 s。”</p><p>“为什么要先在字符串常量池中创建对象，然后再在堆上创建呢？这样不就多此一举了？”三妹敏锐地发现了问题。</p><p>我回答，“由于字符串的使用频率实在是太高了，所以 Java 虚拟机为了提高性能和减少内存开销，在创建字符串对象的时候进行了一些优化，特意为字符串开辟了一个字符串常量池。”</p><p>通常情况下，我们会采用双引号的方式来创建字符串对象，而不是通过 new 关键字的方式：</p><div class="language-java ext-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token class-name">String</span> s <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"三妹"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>当执行 <code>String s = "三妹"</code> 时，Java 虚拟机会先在字符串常量池中查找有没有“三妹”这个字符串对象，如果有，则不创建任何对象，直接将字符串常量池中这个“三妹”的对象地址返回，赋给变量 s；如果没有，在字符串常量池中创建“三妹”这个对象，然后将其地址返回，赋给变量 s。</p><p>“哦，我明白了，哥。”三妹突然插话到，“有了字符串常量池，就可以通过双引号的方式直接创建字符串对象，不用再通过 new 的方式在堆中创建对象了，对吧？”</p><p>“是滴。new 的方式始终会创建一个对象，不管字符串的内容是否已经存在，而双引号的方式会重复利用字符串常量池中已经存在的对象。”我说。</p><p>来看下面这个例子：</p><div class="language-java ext-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token class-name">String</span> s <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"二哥"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token class-name">String</span> s1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"二哥"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>按照我们之前的分析，这两行代码会创建三个对象，字符串常量池中一个，堆上两个。</p><p>再来看下面这个例子：</p><div class="language-java ext-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token class-name">String</span> s <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"三妹"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token class-name">String</span> s1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"三妹"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>这两行代码只会创建一个对象，就是字符串常量池中的那个。这样的话，性能肯定就提高了！</p><p>“那哥，字符串常量池在内存中的什么位置呢？”三妹问。</p><p>我说，“三妹，你这个问题问得好呀！”</p><p>在 Java 8 之前，字符串常量池在永久代中。</p><p><img src="http://cdn.tobebetterjavaer.com/tobebetterjavaer/images/string/constant-pool-01.png" alt=""></p><p>Java 8 之后，移除了永久代，字符串常量池就移到了堆中。</p><p><img src="http://cdn.tobebetterjavaer.com/tobebetterjavaer/images/string/constant-pool-02.png" alt=""></p><p>“哥，能再简单给我解释一下方法区，永久代和元空间的概念吗？有点模糊。”三妹说。</p><p>我说，“可以呀。”</p><ul><li>方法区是 Java 虚拟机规范中的一个概念，就像是一个<a href="https://tobebetterjavaer.com/oo/interface.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">接口<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>吧；</li><li>永久代是 HotSpot 虚拟机中对方法的一个实现，就像是接口的实现类；</li><li>Java 8 的时候，移除了永久代，取而代之的是元空间，是方法区的另外一个实现。</li></ul><p>永久代是放在运行时数据区中的，所以它的大小受到 Java 虚拟机本身大小的限制，所以 Java 8 之前，会经常遇到 <code>java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PremGen Space</code> 的异常，PremGen Space 就是方法区的意思；而元空间是直接放在内存中的，所以只受本机可用内存的限制，虽然也会发生内存溢出，但出现的几率相对之前就小了很多。</p><p>“明白了吧，三妹？”我问。</p><p>“嗯嗯。”三妹回答。</p><p>“那关于字符串常量池，就先说这么多吧，是不是还挺有意思的。”我说。</p><p>“是的，我现在是彻底搞懂了字符串常量池，哥，你真棒！”三妹说。</p><p><img src="http://cdn.tobebetterjavaer.com/tobebetterjavaer/images/xingbiaogongzhonghao.png" alt=""></p></div><footer class="page-meta"><div class="meta-item edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/itwanger/toBeBetterJavaer/edit/master/docs/string/constant-pool.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="在 GitHub 上编辑此页" class="nav-link label"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon edit-icon" viewbox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="edit icon"><path d="M430.818 653.65a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-50.96-93.281l71.69-114.012 7.773-10.365L816.038 80.138A60.46 60.46 0 0 1 859.225 62a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 43.186 18.138l43.186 43.186a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 86.373L588.879 565.55l-8.637 8.637-117.466 68.234a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-31.958 11.229z"></path><path d="M728.802 962H252.891A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 62.008 771.98V296.934a190.883 190.883 0 0 1 190.883-192.61h267.754a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 120.92H252.891a69.962 69.962 0 0 0-69.098 69.099V771.98a69.962 69.962 0 0 0 69.098 69.098h475.911A69.962 69.962 0 0 0 797.9 771.98V503.363a60.46 60.46 0 1 1 120.922 0V771.98A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 728.802 962z"></path></svg>在 GitHub 上编辑此页<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></div><div class="meta-item update-time"><span class="label">上次编辑于: </span><span class="info">2022/7/28 下午1:05:53</span></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="label">贡献者: </span><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">itwanger</span>,<span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">沉默王二</span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><a href="/string/immutable.html" class="nav-link prev" aria-label="为什么String是不可变的？"><div class="hint"><span class="arrow left"></span>上一页</div><div class="link">为什么String是不可变的？</div></a><a href="/string/intern.html" class="nav-link next" aria-label="深入解析String.intern()方法"><div class="hint">下一页<span class="arrow right"></span></div><div class="link">深入解析String.intern()方法</div></a></nav><div class="giscus-wrapper input-top" style="display:block;">Loading...</div></main><footer class="footer-wrapper"><div class="footer"><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备2021038026号-1</a><img src="https://cdn.tobebetterjavaer.com/tobebetterjavaer/images/beian.png" height="15px" width="15px" /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.beian.gov.cn/portal/registerSystemInfo?recordcode=41030502000411"><span>豫公网安备 41030502000411号</span></a></div><div class="copyright">Copyright © 2022 沉默王二</div></footer></div></div>

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