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aria-label="整合Redis实现缓存"><!---->整合Redis实现缓存<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/springboot/logback.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="整合Logback"><!---->整合Logback<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/springboot/swagger.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="整合Swagger-UI"><!---->整合Swagger-UI<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/gongju/knife4j.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="整合Knife4j"><!---->整合Knife4j<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a aria-current="page" href="/springboot/springtask.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link active sidebar-link sidebar-page active" aria-label="整合SpringTask"><!---->整合SpringTask<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" 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heading" aria-label="关于 Cron 表达式"><!---->关于 Cron 表达式<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" href="/springboot/springtask.html#小结" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="小结"><!---->小结<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" href="/springboot/springtask.html#源码路径" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="源码路径"><!---->源码路径<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/kaiyuan/auto-generator.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="整合MyBatis-Plus AutoGenerator"><!---->整合MyBatis-Plus AutoGenerator<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/springboot/quartz.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="整合Quartz"><!---->整合Quartz<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/springboot/mybatis.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="整合MyBatis"><!---->整合MyBatis<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/springboot/docker.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="部署SpringBoot到Docker"><!---->部署SpringBoot到Docker<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/springboot/macos-codingmore-run.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="macOS下如何运行编程喵源码"><!---->macOS下如何运行编程喵源码<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/springboot/windows-codingmore-run.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Windows下如何运行编程喵源码"><!---->Windows下如何运行编程喵源码<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/springboot/linux-codingmore-run.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="一键部署编程喵到生产环境"><!---->一键部署编程喵到生产环境<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/springboot/validator.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="SpringBoot中如何处理校验逻辑"><!---->SpringBoot中如何处理校验逻辑<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li></ul></section><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">3.5 辅助工具</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button><!----></section><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">3.6 开源轮子</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button><!----></section><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">3.7 分布式</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button><!----></section><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">3.8 消息队列</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button><!----></section><!--]--></li></ul></section><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">四、数据库</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button><!----></section><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">五、计算机基础</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button><!----></section><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">六、求职面试</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button><!----></section><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">七、学习资源</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button><!----></section><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">八、学习建议</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button><!----></section><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">九、知识库搭建</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button><!----></section><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">十、联系作者</span><span class="arrow right"></span></button><!----></section><!--]--></li></ul><!--[--><!----><!--]--></aside><!--[--><main class="page" id="main-content"><!--[--><!----><nav class="breadcrumb disable"></nav><div class="page-title"><h1><!---->Spring Boot 整合 Spring Task 实现定时任务</h1><div class="page-info"><span class="author-info" aria-label="作者🖊" data-balloon-pos="down" isoriginal="false" pageview="false"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon author-icon" viewbox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="author icon"><path d="M649.6 633.6c86.4-48 147.2-144 147.2-249.6 0-160-128-288-288-288s-288 128-288 288c0 108.8 57.6 201.6 147.2 249.6-121.6 48-214.4 153.6-240 288-3.2 9.6 0 19.2 6.4 25.6 3.2 9.6 12.8 12.8 22.4 12.8h704c9.6 0 19.2-3.2 25.6-12.8 6.4-6.4 9.6-16 6.4-25.6-25.6-134.4-121.6-240-243.2-288z"></path></svg><span><a class="author-item" href="/about-the-author/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">沉默王二</a></span><span property="author" content="沉默王二"></span></span><!----><span class="date-info" aria-label="写作日期📅" data-balloon-pos="down" isoriginal="false" pageview="false"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon calendar-icon" viewbox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="calendar icon"><path d="M716.4 110.137c0-18.753-14.72-33.473-33.472-33.473-18.753 0-33.473 14.72-33.473 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0 10.244-8.304 18.547-18.547 18.547z"></path></svg><ul class="categories-wrapper"><li class="category category5 clickable" role="navigation">Java企业级开发</li><meta property="articleSection" content="Java企业级开发"></ul></span><span aria-label="标签🏷" data-balloon-pos="down" isoriginal="false" pageview="false"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon tag-icon" viewbox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="tag icon"><path d="M939.902 458.563L910.17 144.567c-1.507-16.272-14.465-29.13-30.737-30.737L565.438 84.098h-.402c-3.215 0-5.726 1.005-7.634 2.913l-470.39 470.39a10.004 10.004 0 000 14.164l365.423 365.424c1.909 1.908 4.42 2.913 7.132 2.913s5.223-1.005 7.132-2.913l470.39-470.39c2.01-2.11 3.014-5.023 2.813-8.036zm-240.067-72.121c-35.458 0-64.286-28.828-64.286-64.286s28.828-64.285 64.286-64.285 64.286 28.828 64.286 64.285-28.829 64.286-64.286 64.286z"></path></svg><ul class="tags-wrapper"><li class="tag tag1 clickable" role="navigation">Spring Boot</li></ul><meta property="keywords" content="Spring Boot"></span><span class="reading-time-info" aria-label="阅读时间⌛" data-balloon-pos="down" isoriginal="false" pageview="false"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon timer-icon" viewbox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="timer icon"><path d="M799.387 122.15c4.402-2.978 7.38-7.897 7.38-13.463v-1.165c0-8.933-7.38-16.312-16.312-16.312H256.33c-8.933 0-16.311 7.38-16.311 16.312v1.165c0 5.825 2.977 10.874 7.637 13.592 4.143 194.44 97.22 354.963 220.201 392.763-122.204 37.542-214.893 196.511-220.2 389.397-4.661 5.049-7.638 11.651-7.638 19.03v5.825h566.49v-5.825c0-7.379-2.849-13.981-7.509-18.9-5.049-193.016-97.867-351.985-220.2-389.527 123.24-37.67 216.446-198.453 220.588-392.892zM531.16 450.445v352.632c117.674 1.553 211.787 40.778 211.787 88.676H304.097c0-48.286 95.149-87.382 213.728-88.676V450.445c-93.077-3.107-167.901-81.297-167.901-177.093 0-8.803 6.99-15.793 15.793-15.793 8.803 0 15.794 6.99 15.794 15.793 0 80.261 63.69 145.635 142.01 145.635s142.011-65.374 142.011-145.635c0-8.803 6.99-15.793 15.794-15.793s15.793 6.99 15.793 15.793c0 95.019-73.789 172.82-165.96 177.093z"></path></svg><span>大约 8 分钟</span><meta property="timeRequired" content="PT8M"></span></div><hr></div><div class="toc-place-holder"><aside id="toc"><div class="toc-header">此页内容</div><div class="toc-wrapper"><ul class="toc-list"><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/springboot/springtask.html#timer" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">Timer</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/springboot/springtask.html#scheduledthreadpoolexecutor" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/springboot/springtask.html#关于-spring-task" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">关于 Spring Task</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/springboot/springtask.html#关于-cron-表达式" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">关于 Cron 表达式</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/springboot/springtask.html#小结" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">小结</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/springboot/springtask.html#源码路径" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">源码路径</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></div></aside></div><!----><div class="theme-hope-content"><p>定时任务的应用场景其实蛮常见的：</p><ul><li>数据备份</li><li>订单未支付则自动取消</li><li>定时爬取数据</li><li>定时推送信息</li><li>定时发布文章</li><li>定时生成报表</li><li>等等（想不到其他场景了，就只能等等来凑，等等也算是一种定时的场景吧！）</li></ul><h3 id="timer" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#timer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Timer</h3><p>JDK 1.3 就开始支持的一种定时任务的实现方式。内部通过 TaskQueue 的类来存放定时任务，用起来比较简单，但缺陷比较多，比如说一个 Timer 就会起一个线程，任务多了性能就非常差，再比如说如果执行任务期间某个 TimerTask 耗时比较久，就会影响其他任务的调度。</p><div class="language-java ext-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Slf4j</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">TimerDemo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">TimerTask</span> task <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TimerTask</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
log<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">debug</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"当前时间{}线程名称{}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">DateTime</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
log<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">debug</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"当前时间{}线程名称{}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">DateTime</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Timer</span> timer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Timer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"TimerDemo"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
timer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">schedule</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>task<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1000L</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>代码跑起来后的日志如下所示：</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>13:11:45.268 [main] DEBUG top.springtask.TimerDemo - 当前时间2022-04-27 13:11:45线程名称main
13:11:46.280 [TimerDemo] DEBUG top.springtask.TimerDemo - 当前时间2022-04-27 13:11:46线程名称TimerDemo
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="scheduledthreadpoolexecutor" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#scheduledthreadpoolexecutor" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor</h3><p>JDK 1.5 开始提供的的定时任务，它继承了 ThreadPoolExecutor，实现了 ScheduledExecutorService 接口，所以支持并发场景下的任务执行。同时，优化了 Timer 的缺陷。不过，由于使用了队列来实现定时器，就有出入队列、调整堆等操作，所以定时不是非常非常准确（吹毛求疵）。</p><div class="language-java ext-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Slf4j</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ScheduledThreadPoolExecutorDemo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> <span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">TimerTask</span> task <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TimerTask</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
log<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">debug</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"当前时间{}线程名称{}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">DateTime</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
log<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">debug</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"当前时间{}线程名称{}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">DateTime</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">ScheduledExecutorService</span> executorService <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Executors</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">newScheduledThreadPool</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
executorService<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">scheduleAtFixedRate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>task<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000L</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1000L</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TimeUnit</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>MILLISECONDS<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
executorService<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">shutdown</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>输出结果如下所示：</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>14:43:41.740 [main] DEBUG top.springtask.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutorDemo - 当前时间2022-04-27 14:43:41线程名称main
14:43:42.752 [pool-1-thread-1] DEBUG top.springtask.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutorDemo - 当前时间2022-04-27 14:43:42线程名称pool-1-thread-1
14:43:43.748 [pool-1-thread-1] DEBUG top.springtask.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutorDemo - 当前时间2022-04-27 14:43:43线程名称pool-1-thread-1
14:43:44.749 [pool-1-thread-2] DEBUG top.springtask.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutorDemo - 当前时间2022-04-27 14:43:44线程名称pool-1-thread-2
14:43:45.749 [pool-1-thread-2] DEBUG top.springtask.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutorDemo - 当前时间2022-04-27 14:43:45线程名称pool-1-thread-2
14:43:46.749 [pool-1-thread-2] DEBUG top.springtask.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutorDemo - 当前时间2022-04-27 14:43:46线程名称pool-1-thread-2
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="关于-spring-task" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#关于-spring-task" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 关于 Spring Task</h3><p>Spring Task 是 Spring 提供的轻量级定时任务工具，也就意味着不需要再添加第三方依赖了，相比其他第三方类库更加方便易用。</p><p>好像关于 Spring Task，没有其他废话可说了，我们来直接上手。</p><p>第一步，新建配置类 SpringTaskConfig，并添加 @EnableScheduling注解开启 Spring Task。</p><div class="language-java ext-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Configuration</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@EnableScheduling</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">SpringTaskConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>当然了，也可以不新建这个配置类，直接在主类上添加 @EnableScheduling 注解。</p><div class="language-java ext-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token annotation punctuation">@SpringBootApplication</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@EnableScheduling</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">CodingmoreSpringtaskApplication</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">SpringApplication</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">CodingmoreSpringtaskApplication</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>第二步，新建定时任务类 CronTask，使用 @Scheduled 注解注册 Cron 表达式执行定时任务。</p><div class="language-java ext-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Slf4j</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Component</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">CronTask</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Scheduled</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>cron <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"0/1 * * ? * ?"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">cron</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
log<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"定时执行，时间{}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">DateUtil</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>启动服务器端，发现每隔一秒钟会打印一次日志，证明 Spring Task 的 cron 表达式形式已经起效了。</p><p><img src="http://cdn.tobebetterjavaer.com/tobebetterjavaer/images/springboot/springtask-747c6f2e-66bc-4e3e-b81a-b0416ea4bb9d.png" alt=""></p><p>默认情况下，@Scheduled 创建的线程池大小为 1，如果想增加线程池大小的话，可以让 SpringTaskConfig 类实现 SchedulingConfigurer 接口，通过 setPoolSize 增加线程池大小。</p><div class="language-java ext-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Configuration</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@EnableScheduling</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">SpringTaskConfig</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">SchedulingConfigurer</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">configureTasks</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ScheduledTaskRegistrar</span> taskRegistrar<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">ThreadPoolTaskScheduler</span> threadPoolTaskScheduler <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ThreadPoolTaskScheduler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
threadPoolTaskScheduler<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setPoolSize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
threadPoolTaskScheduler<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setThreadNamePrefix</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"my-scheduled-task-pool-"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
threadPoolTaskScheduler<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">initialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
taskRegistrar<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setTaskScheduler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>threadPoolTaskScheduler<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>服务热部署完成后，会在控制台看到这样的信息：</p><p><img src="http://cdn.tobebetterjavaer.com/tobebetterjavaer/images/springboot/springtask-54773f3f-ad58-44d5-a94a-8543f14f8c57.png" alt=""></p><p>可以确认自定义线程池大小已经生效了，有的任务用的是线程led-task-pool-3，有的是线程led-task-pool-7，跑时间长了，可以发现 led-task-pool-1 到 led-task-pool-10 的都有。</p><p><img src="http://cdn.tobebetterjavaer.com/tobebetterjavaer/images/springboot/springtask-825fd59c-d2cd-471d-a9a9-ee1194cbfc51.png" alt=""></p><p>Spring Task 除了支持 Cron 表达式，还有 fixedRate（固定速率执行）、fixedDelay（固定延迟执行）、initialDelay（初始延迟）三种用法。</p><div class="language-java ext-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* fixedRate：固定速率执行。每5秒执行一次。
*/</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Scheduled</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fixedRate <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">reportCurrentTimeWithFixedRate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
log<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Current Thread : {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
log<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Fixed Rate Task : The time is now {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">DateUtil</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* fixedDelay：固定延迟执行。距离上一次调用成功后2秒才执。
*/</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Scheduled</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fixedDelay <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">reportCurrentTimeWithFixedDelay</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">TimeUnit</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>SECONDS<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
log<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Fixed Delay Task : The time is now {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token class-name">DateUtil</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* initialDelay:初始延迟。任务的第一次执行将延迟5秒，然后将以5秒的固定间隔执行。
*/</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Scheduled</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initialDelay <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fixedRate <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">reportCurrentTimeWithInitialDelay</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
log<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Fixed Rate Task with Initial Delay : The time is now {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">DateUtil</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>不过，fixedRate 有个坑，假如某个方法的定时器设定的固定速率是每5秒执行一次，这个方法现在要执行下面四个任务，四个任务的耗时是：6s、6s、 2s、 3s，任务会如何执行呢（单线程环境下）？</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>2022-04-27 15:25:52.400 INFO 4343 --- [led-task-pool-1] c.codingmore.component.PublishPostTask : Fixed Rate Task : The time is now 2022-04-27 15:25:52
2022-04-27 15:25:58.401 INFO 4343 --- [led-task-pool-1] c.codingmore.component.PublishPostTask : Fixed Rate Task : The time is now 2022-04-27 15:25:58
2022-04-27 15:26:00.407 INFO 4343 --- [led-task-pool-1] c.codingmore.component.PublishPostTask : Fixed Rate Task : The time is now 2022-04-27 15:26:00
2022-04-27 15:26:04.318 INFO 4343 --- [led-task-pool-1] c.codingmore.component.PublishPostTask : Fixed Rate Task : The time is now 2022-04-27 15:26:04
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>第一个任务开始的相对时间是第 0 秒，但由于执行了 6 秒，所以原来应该是第 5 秒执行的任务，延迟到第 6 秒才开始执行，第三个任务延迟了 12 秒，原本应该是第 10 秒执行，第三个任务没有延迟，正常 15 秒后执行。</p><p>假如我们使用 @EnableAsync 注解开启多线程环境的话，结果会怎么样呢？</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>2022-04-27 15:33:01.385 INFO 4421 --- [led-task-pool-1] c.codingmore.component.PublishPostTask : Fixed Rate Task : The time is now 2022-04-27 15:33:01
2022-04-27 15:33:07.390 INFO 4421 --- [led-task-pool-1] c.codingmore.component.PublishPostTask : Fixed Rate Task : The time is now 2022-04-27 15:33:07
2022-04-27 15:33:09.391 INFO 4421 --- [led-task-pool-1] c.codingmore.component.PublishPostTask : Fixed Rate Task : The time is now 2022-04-27 15:33:09
2022-04-27 15:33:13.295 INFO 4421 --- [led-task-pool-1] c.codingmore.component.PublishPostTask : Fixed Rate Task : The time is now 2022-04-27 15:33:13
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="关于-cron-表达式" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#关于-cron-表达式" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 关于 Cron 表达式</h3><p>这里顺带普及一下 Cron 表达式，在定时任务中会经常会遇到。Cron 这个词来源于希腊语 chronos，原意也就是时间。</p><p>Cron 表达式是一个含有时间意义的字符串，以 5 个空格隔开，分成 6 个时间元素。举几个例子就一目了然了。</p><table><thead><tr><th>示例</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>0 15 10 ? * *</code></td><td>每天上午10:15执行任务</td></tr><tr><td><code>0 0 10,14,16 * * ?</code></td><td>每天10 点、14 点、16 点执行任务</td></tr><tr><td><code>0 0 12 ? * 3</code></td><td>每个星期三中午 12 点执行任务</td></tr><tr><td><code>0 15 10 15 * ?</code></td><td>每月 15 日上午 10 点 15 执行任务</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Cron 的语法格式可以总结为：</p><blockquote><p>Seconds Minutes Hours DayofMonth Month DayofWeek</p></blockquote><p>每个时间元素的取值范围，以及可出现的特殊字符如下所示。</p><table><thead><tr><th>时间元素</th><th>取值范围</th><th>可出现的特殊字符</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>秒</td><td><code>[0,59]</code></td><td><code>*,-/</code></td></tr><tr><td>分钟</td><td><code>[0,59]</code></td><td><code>*,-/</code></td></tr><tr><td>小时</td><td><code>[0,59]</code></td><td><code>*,-/</code></td></tr><tr><td>日期</td><td><code>[0,31]</code></td><td><code>*,-/?LW</code></td></tr><tr><td>月份</td><td><code>[1,12]</code></td><td><code>*,-/</code></td></tr><tr><td>星期</td><td><code>[1,7]</code></td><td><code>*,-/?L#</code></td></tr></tbody></table><p>特殊字符的含义和示例如下所示。</p><table><thead><tr><th>特殊字符</th><th>含义</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>*</code></td><td>所有可能的值</td><td>很好理解，月域中为每个月，星期域中每个星期几</td></tr><tr><td><code>,</code></td><td>枚举的值</td><td>很好理解，小时域中 <code>10,14,16</code>，就表示这几个小时可选</td></tr><tr><td><code>-</code></td><td>范围</td><td>很好理解，分钟域中 <code>10-19</code>，就表示 10-19 分钟每隔一分钟执行一次</td></tr><tr><td><code>/</code></td><td>指定数值的增量</td><td>很好理解，分钟域中 <code>0/15</code>，就表示每隔 15 分钟执行一次</td></tr><tr><td><code>?</code></td><td>不指定值</td><td>很好理解，日期域指定了星期域就不能指定值，反之亦然，因为日期域和星期域属于冲突关系</td></tr><tr><td><code>L</code></td><td>单词 Last 的首字母</td><td>很好理解，日期域和星期域支持，表示月的最后一天或者星期的最后一天</td></tr><tr><td><code>W</code></td><td>除周末以外的工作日</td><td>很好理解，仅日期域支持</td></tr><tr><td><code>#</code></td><td>每个月的第几个星期几</td><td>很好理解，仅星期域支持，<code>4#2</code>表示某月的第二个星期四</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="小结" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#小结" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 小结</h3><p>Spring Task 虽然用起来很方便，但用法过去简单，很多复杂的业务逻辑是没有办法实现的，比如说编程喵的定时发布文章功能，只用 Spring Task 是没办法的。</p><hr><p>更多内容，只针对《Java 程序员进阶之路》星球用户开放，需要的小伙伴可以<a href="https://tobebetterjavaer.com/zhishixingqiu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">戳链接🔗<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>加入我们的星球，一起学习，一起卷。。<strong>编程喵</strong>🐱是一个 Spring Boot+Vue 的前后端分离项目，融合了市面上绝大多数流行的技术要点。通过学习实战项目，你可以将所学的知识通过实践进行检验、你可以拓宽自己的技术边界，你可以掌握一个真正的实战项目是如何从 0 到 1 的。</p><hr><h3 id="源码路径" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#源码路径" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 源码路径</h3><blockquote><ul><li>编程喵：<a href="https://github.com/itwanger/coding-more" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/itwanger/coding-more<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>codingmore-springtask：<a href="https://github.com/itwanger/codingmore-learning/tree/main/codingmore-springtask" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/itwanger/codingmore-learning<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul></blockquote><p><img src="http://cdn.tobebetterjavaer.com/tobebetterjavaer/images/xingbiaogongzhonghao.png" alt=""></p></div><!----><footer class="page-meta"><div class="meta-item edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/itwanger/toBeBetterJavaer/edit/master/docs/springboot/springtask.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="在 GitHub 上编辑此页" class="nav-link label"><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon edit-icon" viewbox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="edit icon"><path d="M430.818 653.65a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-50.96-93.281l71.69-114.012 7.773-10.365L816.038 80.138A60.46 60.46 0 0 1 859.225 62a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 43.186 18.138l43.186 43.186a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 86.373L588.879 565.55l-8.637 8.637-117.466 68.234a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-31.958 11.229z"></path><path d="M728.802 962H252.891A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 62.008 771.98V296.934a190.883 190.883 0 0 1 190.883-192.61h267.754a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 120.92H252.891a69.962 69.962 0 0 0-69.098 69.099V771.98a69.962 69.962 0 0 0 69.098 69.098h475.911A69.962 69.962 0 0 0 797.9 771.98V503.363a60.46 60.46 0 1 1 120.922 0V771.98A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 728.802 962z"></path></svg><!--]-->在 GitHub 上编辑此页<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!----></a></div><div class="meta-item update-time"><span class="label">上次编辑于: </span><span class="info">2022/6/10 下午7:28:25</span></div><div 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