Sprint Challenge: JavaScript Fundamentals

This challenge allows you to practice the concepts and techniques learned over the past week and apply them in a survey of problems. This Sprint explored JavaScript Fundamentals. During this Sprint, you studied variables, functions, object literals, arrays, this keyword, prototypes, and class syntax. In your challenge this week, you will demonstrate proficiency by completing a survey of JavaScript problems.

Read these instructions carefully. Understand exactly what is expected before starting this Sprint Challenge.

This is an individual assessment. All work must be your own. Your challenge score is a measure of your ability to work independently using the material covered through this sprint. You need to demonstrate proficiency in the concepts and objectives introduced and practiced in preceding days.

You are not allowed to collaborate during the Sprint Challenge. However, you are encouraged to follow the twenty-minute rule and seek support from your TL and Instructor in your cohort help channel on Slack. Your work reflects your proficiency in JavaScript fundamentals.

You have three hours to complete this challenge. Plan your time accordingly.

Commit your code regularly and meaningfully. This helps both you (in case you ever need to return to old code for any number of reasons) and your team lead.

You will notice there are several JavaScript files being brought into the index.html file. Each of those files contain JavaScript problems you need to solve. If you get stuck on something, skip over it and come back to it later.

In meeting the minimum viable product (MVP) specifications listed below, you should have a console full of correct responses to the problems given.

Demonstrate your understanding of this week's concepts by answering the following free-form questions.

Edit this document to include your answers after each question. Make sure to leave a blank line above and below your answer so it is clear and easy to read by your team lead

1. Describe the biggest difference between .forEach & .map.

   .map automatically returns a new array whereas .forEach does not. This means that .forEach tends to be used to mutate an existing array and .map tends to be used to create a new array from an existing one.

2. What is the difference between a function and a method?

   A function is any block of code defined as a function. A method is a function that is defined specifically within an object which typically somehow references that object.

3. What is closure?

   A closure is what is created to allow functions to access variables that exist in the parent scope but do not exist within the functions scope. This has the effect of allowing you to access variables in a function that don't exist in the function but do exist in the lexical scope in which the function was defined. The closure itself consists of both the function and the lexical environment in which it was defined.

4. Describe the four rules of the 'this' keyword.

   1. Global Binding. When "this" is used in the global scope it will refer to the window object. If "use strict" is enabled it will be undefined.
   2. Implicit Binding. This occurs when an object method uses "this". Here "this" refers to the object on which the method was called.
   3. New Binding. A binding of "this" which is created when using the "new" keyword to instantiate an object. Here "this" refers to the object that has been created by invoking the constructor function.
   4. Explicit Binding. Occurs when .call, .apply, or .bind is called. Here "this" refers to the object that is passed into the method.

5. Why do we need super() in an extended class?

   The super keyword is needed to apply properties from a parent class onto a child class when using class syntax. This functions by calling the parent constructor. It can also be used to call a function on a parent class.

Follow these steps to set up and work on your project:

• Create a forked copy of this project.
• Add TL as collaborator on Github.
• Clone your OWN version of Repo (Not Lambda's by mistake!).
• Create a new Branch on the clone: git checkout -b <firstName-lastName>.
• Create a pull request before you start working on the project requirements. You will continuously push your updates throughout the project.
• You are now ready to build this project with your preferred IDE
• Implement the project on your Branch, committing changes regularly.
• Push commits: git push origin <firstName-lastName>.

Follow these steps for completing your project:

• Submit a Pull-Request to merge Branch into master (student's Repo).
• Add your team lead as a Reviewer on the Pull-request
• TL then will count the HW as done by merging the branch back into master.

Your finished project must include all of the following requirements:

Pro tip for this challenge: If something seems like it isn't working locally, copy and paste your code up to codepen and take another look at the console.

Test your knowledge of objects and arrays.

• Use the objects-arrays.js link to get started. Read the instructions carefully!

This challenge takes a look at callbacks and closures as well as scope.

• Use the functions.js link to get started. Read the instructions carefully!

Create constructors, bind methods, and create cuboids in this prototypes challenge.

• Use the prototypes.js link to get started. Read the instructions carefully!

Once you have completed the prototypes challenge, it's time to convert all your hard work into classes.

• Use the classes.js link to get started. Read the instructions carefully!

In your solutions, it is essential that you follow best practices and produce clean and professional results. Schedule time to review, refine, and assess your work and perform basic professional polishing including spell-checking and grammar-checking on your work. It is better to submit a challenge that meets MVP than one that attempts too much and does not.

There are a few stretch problems found throughout the files, don't work on them until you are finished with MVP requirements!