Arithmetic operators
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| Operator name | Syntax | Overloadable | Prototype examples (for class T)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inside class definition | Outside class definition | |||
| unary plus | +a
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Yes | T T::operator+() const;
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T operator+(const T &a);
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| unary minus | -a
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Yes | T T::operator-() const;
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T operator-(const T &a);
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| addition | a + b
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Yes | T T::operator+(const T2 &b) const;
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T operator+(const T &a, const T2 &b);
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| subtraction | a - b
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Yes | T T::operator-(const T2 &b) const;
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T operator-(const T &a, const T2 &b);
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| multiplication | a * b
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Yes | T T::operator*(const T2 &b) const;
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T operator*(const T &a, const T2 &b);
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| division | a / b
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Yes | T T::operator/(const T2 &b) const;
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T operator/(const T &a, const T2 &b);
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| modulo | a % b
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Yes | T T::operator%(const T2 &b) const;
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T operator%(const T &a, const T2 &b);
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| bitwise NOT | ~a
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Yes | T T::operator~() const;
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T operator~(const T &a);
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| bitwise AND | a & b
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Yes | T T::operator&(const T2 &b) const;
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T operator&(const T &a, const T2 &b);
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| bitwise OR | a | b
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Yes | T T::operator|(const T2 &b) const;
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T operator|(const T &a, const T2 &b);
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| bitwise XOR | a ^ b
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Yes | T T::operator^(const T2 &b) const;
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T operator^(const T &a, const T2 &b);
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| bitwise left shift | a << b
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Yes | T T::operator<<(const T2 &b) const;
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T operator<<(const T &a, const T2 &b);
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| bitwise right shift | a >> b
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Yes | T T::operator>>(const T2 &b) const;
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T operator>>(const T &a, const T2 &b);
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| ||||
Explication
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Conversions
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- Si l'un des opérandes est de type énumération portée, aucune conversion n'est effectuée: l'autre opérande et le type de retour doit avoir le même typeOriginal:If either operand has scoped enumeration type, no conversion is performed: the other operand and the return type must have the same typeThe text has been machine-translated via Google Translate.
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- Dans le cas contraire, si l'un des opérandes est
long double, l'autre opérande est converti enlong doubleOriginal:Otherwise, if either operand islong double, the other operand is converted tolong doubleThe text has been machine-translated via Google Translate.
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- Dans le cas contraire, si l'un des opérandes est
double, l'autre opérande est converti endoubleOriginal:Otherwise, if either operand isdouble, the other operand is converted todoubleThe text has been machine-translated via Google Translate.
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- Dans le cas contraire, si l'un des opérandes est
float, l'autre opérande est converti enfloatOriginal:Otherwise, if either operand isfloat, the other operand is converted tofloatThe text has been machine-translated via Google Translate.
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- Dans le cas contraire, l'opérande est de type entier (parce que bool, char, char16_t, char32_t, wchar_t, sans portée et le dénombrement ont été promus à ce stade) et conversions intégrales sont appliquées pour produire le type commun, comme suit:Original:Otherwise, the operand has integer type (because bool, char, char16_t, char32_t, wchar_t, and unscoped enumeration were promoted at this point) and conversions intégrales are applied to produce the common type, as follows:The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate.
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- Si les deux opérandes sont signés ou les deux ne sont pas signés, l'opérande avec moins' rang de conversion est converti à l'opérande avec le grade de conversion supérieur entierOriginal:If both operands are signed or both are unsigned, the operand with lesser conversion rank is converted to the operand with the greater integer conversion rankThe text has been machine-translated via Google Translate.
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- Dans le cas contraire, si le rang de conversion opérande non signé est supérieur ou égal au rang de conversion de l'opérande signé, l'opérande signé est converti en type de l'opérande non signé de .Original:Otherwise, if the unsigned operand's conversion rank is greater or equal to the conversion rank of the signed operand, the signed operand is converted to the unsigned operand's type.The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate.
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- Sinon, si le type signé opérande peut représenter toutes les valeurs de l'opérande non signé, l'opérande non signé est converti en type de l'opérande signataireOriginal:Otherwise, if the signed operand's type can represent all values of the unsigned operand, the unsigned operand is converted to the signer operand's typeThe text has been machine-translated via Google Translate.
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- Sinon, les deux opérandes sont convertis en contrepartie de type unsigned l'opérande signé le .Original:Otherwise, both operands are converted to the unsigned counterpart of the signed operand's type.The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate.
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bool, signed char, short, int, long, long long. Le rang d'un type non signé est égal au rang du type correspondant signé. Le rang de char est égal au rang de signed char et unsigned char. Les rangs des char16_t, char32_t et wchar_t sont égaux dans les rangs de leurs types sous-jacents .bool, signed char, short, int, long, long long. The rank of any unsigned type is equal to the rank of the corresponding signed type. The rank of char is equal to the rank of signed char and unsigned char. The ranks of char16_t, char32_t, and wchar_t are equal to the ranks of their underlying types.You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
Débordements
où n est le nombre de bits dans cet entier particulière. Par exemple pour
unsigned int, ajoutant un UINT_MAX donne 0, et en soustrayant un de 0 donne UINT_MAX .where n is the number of bits in that particular integer. E.g. for
unsigned int, adding one to UINT_MAX gives 0, and subtracting one from 0 gives UINT_MAX.You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
-ftrapv de GCC et Clang), ou peut être complètement optimized out by the compiler .-ftrapv in GCC and Clang), or may be completely optimized out by the compiler.You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
Opérateurs arithmétiques unaires
A promu et pour chaque type de T, les signatures de fonction suivants participent à la résolution de surcharge:A and for every type T, the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
A operator+(A) |
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T* operator+(T*) |
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A operator-(A) |
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char int ou si l'opérande est soumise à lvalue-à-rvalue, array-à-pointeur, ou de la fonction à pointeur conversion .char to int or if the operand is subject to lvalue-to-rvalue, array-to-pointer, or function-to-pointer conversion.You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
a non signé, la valeur de -a est 2b-a, où
b est le nombre de bits après la promotion .a, the value of -a is 2b-a, where
b is the number of bits after promotion.You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
char c = 0x6a;
int n1 = 1;
unsigned char n2 = 1;
unsigned int n3 = 1;
std::cout << "char: " << c << " int: " << +c << '\n'
<< "-1, where 1 is signed: " << -n1 << '\n'
<< "-1, where 1 is unsigned char: " << -n2 << '\n'
<< "-1, where 1 is unsigned int: " << -n3 << '\n';
char a[3];
std::cout << "size of array: " << sizeof a << '\n'
<< "size of pointer: " << sizeof +a << '\n';
}
Résultat :
char: j int: 106
-1, where 1 is signed: -1
-1, where 1 is unsigned char: -1
-1, where 1 is unsigned int: 4294967295
size of array: 3
size of pointer: 8
Opérateurs d'ajout
L et R et pour chaque type d'objet T, les signatures de fonction suivants participent à la résolution de surcharge:L and R and for every object type T, the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
LR operator+(L, R) |
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LR operator-(L, R) |
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T* operator+(T*, std::ptrdiff_t) |
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T* operator+(std::ptrdiff_t, T*) |
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T* operator-(T*, std::ptrdiff_t) |
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std::ptrdiff_t operator-(T*, T*) |
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LR est le résultat de conversions arithmétiques habituelles sur L et RLR is the result of usual arithmetic conversions on L and RYou can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
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- Un pointeur non-ensemble objet est traité comme un pointeur vers le premier élément d'un tableau de taille 1 .Original:A pointer to non-array object is treated as a pointer to the first element of an array with size 1.The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate.
You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. - Si les points
Ppointeur vers l'élémentith d'un tableau, alors les expressionsP+n,n+PetP-nsont des pointeurs du même type qui pointent vers lei+nth,i+nth, et l'élémenti-nth du même réseau, respectivement. Le résultat de l'addition pointeur peut aussi être un pointeur d'un past-the-end (c'est-à-pointeurPtels que les pointsP-1expression sur le dernier élément du tableau). Toutes les autres situations (c'est-à-tente de générer un pointeur qui ne pointe pas moins un élément du même réseau ou d'un passé à la fin) invoquer un comportement indéfini .Original:If the pointerPpoints to theith element of an array, then the expressionsP+n,n+P, andP-nare pointers of the same type that point to thei+nth,i+nth, andi-nth element of the same array, respectively. The result of pointer addition may also be a one-past-the-end pointer (that is, pointerPsuch that the expressionP-1points to the last element of the array). Any other situations (that is, attempts to generate a pointer that isn't pointing at an element of the same array or one past the end) invoke undefined behavior.The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate.
You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. - Si les points
Ppointeur vers l'élémentith d'un tableau, et les pointsQpointeur à l'élémentjth de la même gamme, leP-Qexpression a la valeuri-j, si la valeur s'inscrit dans std::ptrdiff_t. Les deux opérandes doivent pointer vers les éléments du tableau même (ou l'un après l'extrémité), sinon le comportement est indéfini. Si le résultat ne correspond pas à std::ptrdiff_t, le comportement est indéfini .Original:If the pointerPpoints to theith element of an array, and the pointerQpoints at thejth element of the same array, the expressionP-Qhas the valuei-j, if the value fits in std::ptrdiff_t. Both operands must point to the elements of the same array (or one past the end), otherwise the behavior is undefined. If the result does not fit in std::ptrdiff_t, the behavior is undefined.The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate.
You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. - Si le
0valeur est ajoutée ou soustraite d'un pointeur, le résultat est le pointeur, inchangé. Si deux pointeurs ponctuelles au même objet ou sont à la fois un passé à la fin du même réseau, ou les deux sont des pointeurs NULL, alors le résultat de la soustraction est égal à(std::ptrdiff_t)0.Original:If the value0is added or subtracted from a pointer, the result is the pointer, unchanged. If two pointers point at the same object or are both one past the end of the same array, or both are null pointers, then the result of subtraction is equal to(std::ptrdiff_t)0.The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate.
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RandomAccessIterator .RandomAccessIterator concept.You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
char c = 2;
unsigned int un = 2;
int n = -10;
std::cout << " 2 + (-10), where 2 is a char = " << c + n << '\n'
<< " 2 + (-10), where 2 is unsigned = " << un + n << '\n'
<< " -10 - 2.12 = " << n - 2.12 << '\n';
char a[4] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'};
char* p = &a[1];
std::cout << "Pointer addition examples: " << *p << *(p + 2)
<< *(2 + p) << *(p - 1) << '\n';
char* p2 = &a[4];
std::cout << "Pointer difference: " << p2 - p << '\n';
}
Résultat :
2 + (-10), where 2 is a char = -8
2 + (-10), where 2 is unsigned = 4294967288
-10 - 2.12 = -12.12
Pointer addition examples: bdda
Pointer difference: 3
Opérateurs de multiplication
LA et RA et pour chaque paire de types intégraux LI promus et RI la suite de signatures de fonction participer à la résolution de surcharge:LA and RA and for every pair of promoted integral types LI and RI the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
LRA operator*(LA, RA) |
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LRA operator/(LA, RA) |
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LRI operator%(LI, RI) |
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LRx est le résultat de conversions arithmétiques habituelles sur Lx et RxLRx is the result of usual arithmetic conversions on Lx and RxYou can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
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- arrondis à la mise en oeuvre définie par (avant C++11) directionOriginal:rounded in implementation-defined direction (avant C++11)The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate.
You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. - la partie décimale éliminée (tronquée vers zéro) (depuis C++11)Original:with any fractional part discarded (truncated towards zero) (depuis C++11)The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate.
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a/b representible dans le type de résultat, (a/b)*b + a%b == a. Si le second opérande est égal à zéro, le comportement est indéfini .a/b is representible in the result type, (a/b)*b + a%b == a. If the second operand is zero, the behavior is undefined.You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
- si une ou les deux opérandes sont négatifs, le signe du reste est définie par la mise en oeuvre, car elle dépend de la direction de l'arrondi (avant C++11) division entièreOriginal:if one or both operands are negative, the sign of the remainder is implementation-defined, as it depends on the rounding direction of integer division (avant C++11)The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate.
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#include <iostream>
int main()
{
char c = 2;
unsigned int un = 2;
int n = -10;
std::cout << "2 * (-10), where 2 is a char = " << c * n << '\n'
<< "2 * (-10), where 2 is unsigned = " << un * n << '\n'
<< "-10 / 2.12 = " << n / 2.12 << '\n'
<< "-10 / 21 = " << n / 21 << '\n'
<< "-10 % 21 = " << n % 21 << '\n';
}
Résultat :
2 * (-10), where 2 is a char = -20
2 * (-10), where 2 is unsigned = 4294967276
-10 / 2.12 = -4.71698
-10 / 21 = 0
-10 % 21 = -10Opérateurs logiques bit à bit
L promus et R la suite de signatures de fonction participer à la résolution de surcharge:L and R the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
R operator~(R) |
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LR operator&(L, R) |
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LR operator^(L, R) |
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LR operator|(L, R) |
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LR est le résultat de conversions arithmétiques habituelles sur L et RLR is the result of usual arithmetic conversions on L and RYou can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::cout << std::hex << std::showbase;
uint16_t mask = 0x00f0;
uint32_t a = 0x12345678;
std::cout << "Value: " << a << " mask: " << mask << '\n'
<< "Setting bits: " << (aRésultat :
Value: 0x12345678 mask: 0xf0
Setting bits: 0x123456f8
Clearing bits: 0x12345608
Selecting bits: 0x70Opérateurs de décalage au niveau du bit
L promus et R, les signatures de fonction suivants participent à la résolution de surcharge:L and R, the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
L operator<<(L, R) |
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L operator>>(L, R) |
||
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a non signé, la valeur de a << b est la valeur de a * 2b, réduit modulo la valeur maximale du type de retour plus 1 (c'est-à-décalage gauche est effectuée et les bits qui se décalés hors du type de destination sont éliminés). Pour
a signé, la valeur de a << b est a * 2bs'il est représentable par le type de retour, sans quoi le comportement n'est pas défini .
a, the value of a << b is the value of a * 2b, reduced modulo maximum value of the return type plus 1 (that is, bitwise left shift is performed and the bits that get shifted out of the destination type are discarded). For signed
a, the value of a << b is a * 2bif it is representable by the return type, otherwise the behavior is undefined.
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a non signé et pour a signé avec des valeurs non négatives, la valeur de a >> b est la partie entière de a/2b. Pour
a négatif, la valeur de a >> b est définie par l'implémentation (dans la plupart des implémentations, ce décalage arithmétique effectue droit, de sorte que le résultat reste négatif)a and for signed a with nonnegative values, the value of a >> b is the integer part of a/2b. For negative
a, the value of a >> b is implementation-defined (in most implementations, this performs arithmetic right shift, so that the result remains negative)You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
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#include <iostream>
enum {ONE=1, TWO=2};
int main()
{
std::cout << std::hex << std::showbase;
char c = 0x10;
unsigned long long ull = 0x123;
std::cout << "0x123 << 1 = " << (ull << 1) << '\n'
<< "0x123 << 63 = " << (ull << 63) << '\n' // overflow in unsigned
<< "0x10 << 10 = " << (c << 10) << '\n'; // char is promoted to int
long long ll = -1000;
std::cout << std::dec << "-1000 >> 1 = " << (ll >> ONE) << '\n';
}Résultat :
0x123 << 1 = 0x246
0x123 << 63 = 0x8000000000000000
0x10 << 10 = 0x4000
-1000 >> 1 = -500Bibliothèque standard
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Opérateurs arithmétiques unaires
met en œuvre + unaire et unaire - Original: implements unary + and unary - The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction membre publique de std::chrono::duration)
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s'applique opérateurs unaires aux nombres complexes Original: applies unary operators to complex numbers The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction générique) | |
applique un opérateur arithmétique unaire pour chaque élément de la valarray Original: applies a unary arithmetic operator to each element of the valarray The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction membre publique de std::valarray)
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Opérateurs d'ajout
modifie le point de temps de la durée donnée Original: modifies the time point by the given duration The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction générique) | |
concatène deux chaînes ou une chaîne et un char Original: concatenates two strings or a string and a char The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction générique) | |
progrès de l'itérateur Original: advances the iterator The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction membre publique de std::reverse_iterator)
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décrémente l'itérateur Original: decrements the iterator The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction membre publique de std::reverse_iterator)
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progrès de l'itérateur Original: advances the iterator The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction membre publique de std::move_iterator)
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décrémente l'itérateur Original: decrements the iterator The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction membre publique de std::move_iterator)
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effectue l'arithmétique sur les nombres complexes deux valeurs complexes ou d'un complexe et un scalaire Original: performs complex number arithmetics on two complex values or a complex and a scalar The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction générique) | |
des opérateurs binaires s'applique à chaque élément de valarrays deux, ou un valarray et une valeur Original: applies binary operators to each element of two valarrays, or a valarray and a value The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction générique) | |
Opérateurs de multiplication
met en œuvre des opérations arithmétiques avec des durées comme arguments Original: implements arithmetic operations with durations as arguments The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction générique) | |
effectue l'arithmétique sur les nombres complexes deux valeurs complexes ou d'un complexe et un scalaire Original: performs complex number arithmetics on two complex values or a complex and a scalar The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction générique) | |
des opérateurs binaires s'applique à chaque élément de valarrays deux, ou un valarray et une valeur Original: applies binary operators to each element of two valarrays, or a valarray and a value The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction générique) | |
Opérateurs logiques bit à bit
effectue binaire AND, OR, XOR et NOT Original: performs binary AND, OR, XOR and NOT The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction membre publique de std::bitset)
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effectue des opérations logiques binaires sur bitsets Original: performs binary logic operations on bitsets The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction) | |
applique un opérateur arithmétique unaire pour chaque élément de la valarray Original: applies a unary arithmetic operator to each element of the valarray The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction membre publique de std::valarray)
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des opérateurs binaires s'applique à chaque élément de valarrays deux, ou un valarray et une valeur Original: applies binary operators to each element of two valarrays, or a valarray and a value The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction générique) | |
Opérateurs de décalage au niveau du bit
des opérateurs binaires s'applique à chaque élément de valarrays deux, ou un valarray et une valeur Original: applies binary operators to each element of two valarrays, or a valarray and a value The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction générique) | |
effectue décalage binaire à gauche et déplacement vers la droite Original: performs binary shift left and shift right The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction membre publique de std::bitset)
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Volet d'insertion / extraction opérateurs
std::ios_base& ou l'une des classes dérivées de celle-ci) à la fois l'opérande gauche et le type de retour. Ces opérateurs sont connus sous le nom d'insertion flux' et' extraction flux: opérateursstd::ios_base& or one of the classes derived from it) as both the left operand and return type. Such operators are known as stream insertion and stream extraction operators:You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.
extraits des données formatées Original: extracts formatted data The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction membre publique de std::basic_istream)
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extrait des tableaux de caractères et de caractères Original: extracts characters and character arrays The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction générique) | |
inserts en forme des données Original: inserts formatted data The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction membre publique de std::basic_ostream)
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insère des données de caractères Original: inserts character data The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction) | |
sérialise et désérialise un nombre complexe Original: serializes and deserializes a complex number The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction générique) | |
effectue flux d'entrée et de sortie de bitsets Original: performs stream input and output of bitsets The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction) | |
| effectue des opérations d'entrée/sortie de flux sur des chaines de caractères (fonction générique) | |
effectue flux d'entrée et de sortie sur le moteur de nombres pseudo-aléatoires Original: performs stream input and output on pseudo-random number engine The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction) | |
effectue flux d'entrée et de sortie sur la distribution de nombre pseudo-aléatoire Original: performs stream input and output on pseudo-random number distribution The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. (fonction) | |
Voir aussi
| Opérateurs ordinaires | ||||||
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| affectation | incrémentation décrémentation |
arithmétique | logique | comparaison | accès aux membre | autre |
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| Opérateurs spéciaux | ||||||
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static_cast convertit un type dans un autre type compatible dynamic_cast convertit une classe de base virtuelle dans une classe dérivée const_cast convertit un type dans un type compatible avec des cv-qualifiers différents reinterpret_cast convertit un type dans un type incompatibles new allocation de la mémoire delete libère de la mémoire sizeof récupère la taille d'un type sizeof... récupère la taille d'un paquet de paramètres (depuis C++11) typeid récupère les informations de type d'un type noexcept vérifie si une expression peut lancer une exception (depuis C++11) alignof récupère les conditions d'alignement d'un type (depuis C++11) | ||||||