Experimental library header <experimental/ranges/algorithm>

 

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Ranges library (C++20)

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Filesystem library (C++17)

Concurrency support library (C++11)

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Standard library headers

Language support <cfloat> <climits> <compare> (C++20) <contracts> (C++26) <coroutine> (C++20) <csetjmp> <csignal> <cstdarg> <cstddef> <cstdint> (C++11) <cstdlib> <exception> <initializer_list> (C++11)    <limits> <new> <source_location> (C++20) <stdfloat> (C++23) <typeinfo> <version> (C++20) Concepts <concepts> (C++20) Diagnostics <cassert> <cerrno> <debugging> (C++26) <stacktrace> (C++23) <stdexcept> <system_error> (C++11) Memory management <memory> <memory_resource> (C++17) <scoped_allocator> (C++11) Metaprogramming <type_traits> (C++11) <ratio> (C++11)

General utilities <any> (C++17) <bitset> <bit> (C++20) <charconv> (C++17) <expected> (C++23) <format> (C++20) <functional> <optional> (C++17) <stdbit.h> (C++26) <tuple> (C++11) <typeindex> (C++11) <utility> <variant> (C++17) Containers <array> (C++11) <deque> <flat_map> (C++23) <flat_set> (C++23) <forward_list> (C++11) <hive> (C++26) <inplace_vector> (C++26)    <list> <map> <mdspan> (C++23) <queue> <set> <span> (C++20) <stack> <unordered_map> (C++11) <unordered_set> (C++11) <vector> Iterators <iterator> Ranges <generator> (C++23) <ranges> (C++20)

Algorithms <algorithm> <numeric> Strings <cctype> <cstring> <cuchar> (C++11) <cwchar> <cwctype> <string_view> (C++17) <string> Text processing <clocale> <codecvt> (C++11/17/26*) <locale> <regex> (C++11) <text_encoding> (C++26)    Numerics <cfenv> (C++11) <cmath> <complex> <linalg> (C++26) <numbers> (C++20) <random> (C++11) <simd> (C++26) <stdckdint.h> (C++26) <valarray> Time <chrono> (C++11) <ctime> C compatibility <ccomplex> (C++11/17/20*) <ciso646> (until C++20) <cstdalign> (C++11/17/20*) <cstdbool> (C++11/17/20*) <ctgmath> (C++11/17/20*)

Input/output <cinttypes> (C++11) <cstdio> <filesystem> (C++17) <fstream> <iomanip> <iosfwd> <iostream> <ios> <istream> <ostream> <print> (C++23) <spanstream> (C++23) <sstream> <streambuf> <strstream> (C++98/26*) <syncstream> (C++20) Concurrency support <atomic> (C++11) <barrier> (C++20) <condition_variable> (C++11) <future> (C++11) <hazard_pointer> (C++26) <latch> (C++20) <mutex> (C++11) <rcu> (C++26) <semaphore> (C++20) <shared_mutex> (C++14) <stdatomic.h> (C++23) <stop_token> (C++20) <thread> (C++11) Execution support <execution> (C++17)

 

Experimental library headers

Execution P2300
<experimental/execution>
Filesystem TS
<experimental/filesystem>
Parallelism TS (v1, v2)
experimental/algorithm experimental/execution_policy experimental/exception_list	experimental/numeric <experimental/simd> experimental/task_block
Library Fundamentals TS (v1, v2, v3)
experimental/algorithm <experimental/any> experimental/array experimental/chrono experimental/deque experimental/forward_list <experimental/functional> experimental/future experimental/iterator experimental/list experimental/map experimental/memory <experimental/memory_resource> experimental/numeric <experimental/optional> experimental/propagate_const	experimental/random experimental/ratio experimental/regex experimental/scope experimental/set experimental/source_location experimental/string <experimental/string_view> experimental/system_error experimental/tuple experimental/type_traits experimental/unordered_map experimental/unordered_set experimental/utility experimental/vector
Concurrency TS
experimental/atomic experimental/barrier	experimental/future experimental/latch
Ranges TS
<experimental/ranges/algorithm> <experimental/ranges/concepts> <experimental/ranges/functional>         <experimental/ranges/iterator>	<experimental/ranges/random> <experimental/ranges/tuple> <experimental/ranges/type_traits> <experimental/ranges/utility>
Coroutines TS
experimental/coroutine
Networking TS
experimental/buffer experimental/executor experimental/internet experimental/io_context	<experimental/net> experimental/netfwd experimental/socket experimental/timer
Reflection TS
<experimental/reflect>

 

See More

This header is part of the ranges library.

Tag specifiers

Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges::tag
inin1in2outout1out2funminmaxbeginend	tag specifiers for use with ranges::tagged (class)

Non-modifying sequence operations

Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
all_ofany_ofnone_of	checks if a predicate is true for all, any or none of the elements in a range (function template)
for_each	applies a function to a range of elements (function template)
countcount_if	returns the number of elements satisfying specific criteria (function template)
mismatch	finds the first position where two ranges differ (function template)
equal	determines if two sets of elements are the same (function template)
lexicographical_compare	returns true if one range is lexicographically less than another (function template)
findfind_iffind_if_not	finds the first element satisfying specific criteria (function template)
find_end	finds the last sequence of elements in a certain range (function template)
find_first_of	searches for any one of a set of elements (function template)
adjacent_find	finds the first two adjacent items that are equal (or satisfy a given predicate) (function template)
search	searches for a range of elements (function template)
search_n	searches for a number consecutive copies of an element in a range (function template)

Modifying sequence operations

Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
copycopy_if	copies a range of elements to a new location (function template)
copy_n	copies a number of elements to a new location (function template)
copy_backward	copies a range of elements in backwards order (function template)
move	moves a range of elements to a new location (function template)
move_backward	moves a range of elements to a new location in backwards order (function template)
fill	assigns a range of elements a certain value (function template)
fill_n	assigns a value to a number of elements (function template)
transform	applies a function to a range of elements (function template)
generate	saves the result of a function in a range (function template)
generate_n	saves the result of N applications of a function (function template)
removeremove_if	removes elements satisfying specific criteria (function template)
remove_copyremove_copy_if	copies a range of elements omitting those that satisfy specific criteria (function template)
replacereplace_if	replaces all values satisfying specific criteria with another value (function template)
replace_copyreplace_copy_if	copies a range, replacing elements satisfying specific criteria with another value (function template)
swap_ranges	swaps two ranges of elements (function template)
reverse	reverses the order of elements in a range (function template)
reverse_copy	creates a copy of a range that is reversed (function template)
rotate	rotates the order of elements in a range (function template)
rotate_copy	copies and rotate a range of elements (function template)
shuffle	randomly re-orders elements in a range (function template)
unique	removes consecutive duplicate elements in a range (function template)
unique_copy	creates a copy of some range of elements that contains no consecutive duplicates (function template)

Partitioning operations

Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
is_partitioned	determines if the range is partitioned by the given predicate (function template)
partition	divides a range of elements into two groups (function template)
partition_copy	copies a range dividing the elements into two groups (function template)
stable_partition	divides elements into two groups while preserving their relative order (function template)
partition_point	locates the partition point of a partitioned range (function template)

Sorting operations

Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
is_sorted	checks whether a range is sorted into ascending order (function template)
is_sorted_until	finds the largest sorted subrange (function template)
sort	sorts a range into ascending order (function template)
partial_sort	sorts the first N elements of a range (function template)
partial_sort_copy	copies and partially sorts a range of elements (function template)
stable_sort	sorts a range of elements while preserving order between equal elements (function template)
nth_element	partially sorts the given range making sure that it is partitioned by the given element (function template)

Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)

Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
lower_bound	returns an iterator to the first element not less than the given value (function template)
upper_bound	returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value (function template)
binary_search	determines if an element exists in a certain range (function template)
equal_range	returns range of elements matching a specific key (function template)

Set operations (on sorted ranges)

Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
merge	merges two sorted ranges (function template)
inplace_merge	merges two ordered ranges in-place (function template)
includes	returns true if one set is a subset of another (function template)
set_difference	computes the difference between two sets (function template)
set_intersection	computes the intersection of two sets (function template)
set_symmetric_difference	computes the symmetric difference between two sets (function template)
set_union	computes the union of two sets (function template)

Heap operations

Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
is_heap	checks if the given range is a max heap (function template)
is_heap_until	finds the largest subrange that is a max heap (function template)
make_heap	creates a max heap out of a range of elements (function template)
push_heap	adds an element to a max heap (function template)
pop_heap	removes the largest element from a max heap (function template)
sort_heap	turns a max heap into a range of elements sorted in ascending order (function template)

Minimum/maximum operations

Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
max	returns the greater of the given values (function template)
max_element	returns the largest element in a range (function template)
min	returns the smaller of the given values (function template)
min_element	returns the smallest element in a range (function template)
minmax	returns the smaller and larger of two elements (function template)
minmax_element	returns the smallest and the largest elements in a range (function template)

Permutation operations

Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
is_permutation	determines if a sequence is a permutation of another sequence (function template)
next_permutation	generates the next greater lexicographic permutation of a range of elements (function template)
prev_permutation	generates the next smaller lexicographic permutation of a range of elements (function template)

Synopsis

#include <initializer_list>

namespace std { namespace experimental { namespace ranges { inline namespace v1 {

namespace tag {
  struct in;
  struct in1;
  struct in2;
  struct out;
  struct out1;
  struct out2;
  struct fun;
  struct min;
  struct max;
  struct begin;
  struct end;
}

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
  bool all_of(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred>
  bool all_of(Rng&& rng, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
  bool any_of(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred>
  bool any_of(Rng&& rng, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
  bool none_of(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred>
  bool none_of(Rng&& rng, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryInvocable<projected<I, Proj>> Fun>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(I), tag::fun(Fun)>
    for_each(I first, S last, Fun f, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryInvocable<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Fun>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(safe_iterator_t<Rng>), tag::fun(Fun)>
    for_each(Rng&& rng, Fun f, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class T, class Proj = identity>
  requires IndirectRelation<equal_to<>, projected<I, Proj>, const T*>
  I find(I first, S last, const T& value, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class T, class Proj = identity>
  requires IndirectRelation<equal_to<>, projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>, const T*>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    find(Rng&& rng, const T& value, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
  I find_if(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    find_if(Rng&& rng, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
  I find_if_not(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    find_if_not(Rng&& rng, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, ForwardIterator I2,
    Sentinel<I2> S2, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectRelation<I2, projected<I1, Proj>> Pred = equal_to<>>
  I1
    find_end(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
             Pred pred = Pred{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng1, ForwardRange Rng2, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectRelation<iterator_t<Rng2>,
      projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred = equal_to<>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng1>
    find_end(Rng1&& rng1, Rng2&& rng2, Pred pred = Pred{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, ForwardIterator I2, Sentinel<I2> S2,
    class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity,
    IndirectRelation<projected<I1, Proj1>, projected<I2, Proj2>> Pred = equal_to<>>
  I1
    find_first_of(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
                  Pred pred = Pred{},
                  Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputRange Rng1, ForwardRange Rng2, class Proj1 = identity,
    class Proj2 = identity,
    IndirectRelation<projected<iterator_t<Rng1>, Proj1>,
      projected<iterator_t<Rng2>, Proj2>> Pred = equal_to<>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng1>
    find_first_of(Rng1&& rng1, Rng2&& rng2,
                  Pred pred = Pred{},
                  Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectRelation<projected<I, Proj>> Pred = equal_to<>>
  I
    adjacent_find(I first, S last, Pred pred = Pred{},
                  Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectRelation<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred = equal_to<>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    adjacent_find(Rng&& rng, Pred pred = Pred{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class T, class Proj = identity>
  requires IndirectRelation<equal_to<>, projected<I, Proj>, const T*>
  difference_type_t<I>
    count(I first, S last, const T& value, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class T, class Proj = identity>
  requires IndirectRelation<equal_to<>, projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>, const T*>
  difference_type_t<iterator_t<Rng>>
    count(Rng&& rng, const T& value, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
  difference_type_t<I>
    count_if(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred>
  difference_type_t<iterator_t<Rng>>
    count_if(Rng&& rng, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, InputIterator I2, Sentinel<I2> S2,
    class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity,
    IndirectRelation<projected<I1, Proj1>, projected<I2, Proj2>> Pred = equal_to<>>
  tagged_pair<tag::in1(I1), tag::in2(I2)>
    mismatch(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = Pred{},
             Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputRange Rng1, InputRange Rng2,
    class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity,
    IndirectRelation<projected<iterator_t<Rng1>, Proj1>,
      projected<iterator_t<Rng2>, Proj2>> Pred = equal_to<>>
  tagged_pair<tag::in1(safe_iterator_t<Rng1>),
              tag::in2(safe_iterator_t<Rng2>)>
    mismatch(Rng1&& rng1, Rng2&& rng2, Pred pred = Pred{},
             Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, InputIterator I2, Sentinel<I2> S2,
    class Pred = equal_to<>, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires IndirectlyComparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
  bool equal(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
             Pred pred = Pred{},
             Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputRange Rng1, InputRange Rng2, class Pred = equal_to<>,
    class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires IndirectlyComparable<iterator_t<Rng1>, iterator_t<Rng2>, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
  bool equal(Rng1&& rng1, Rng2&& rng2, Pred pred = Pred{},
             Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <ForwardIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, ForwardIterator I2,
    Sentinel<I2> S2, class Pred = equal_to<>, class Proj1 = identity,
    class Proj2 = identity>
  requires IndirectlyComparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
  bool is_permutation(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
                      Pred pred = Pred{},
                      Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <ForwardRange Rng1, ForwardRange Rng2, class Pred = equal_to<>,
    class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires IndirectlyComparable<iterator_t<Rng1>, iterator_t<Rng2>, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
  bool is_permutation(Rng1&& rng1, Rng2&& rng2, Pred pred = Pred{},
                      Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <ForwardIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, ForwardIterator I2,
    Sentinel<I2> S2, class Pred = equal_to<>,
    class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires IndirectlyComparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
  I1
    search(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
           Pred pred = Pred{},
           Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <ForwardRange Rng1, ForwardRange Rng2, class Pred = equal_to<>,
    class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires IndirectlyComparable<iterator_t<Rng1>, iterator_t<Rng2>, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng1>
    search(Rng1&& rng1, Rng2&& rng2, Pred pred = Pred{},
           Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class T,
    class Pred = equal_to<>, class Proj = identity>
  requires IndirectlyComparable<I, const T*, Pred, Proj>
  I
    search_n(I first, S last, difference_type_t<I> count,
             const T& value, Pred pred = Pred{},
             Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng, class T, class Pred = equal_to<>,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires IndirectlyComparable<iterator_t<Rng>, const T*, Pred, Proj>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    search_n(Rng&& rng, difference_type_t<iterator_t<Rng>> count,
             const T& value, Pred pred = Pred{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, WeaklyIncrementable O>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<I, O>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(I), tag::out(O)>
    copy(I first, S last, O result);

template <InputRange Rng, WeaklyIncrementable O>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<iterator_t<Rng>, O>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(safe_iterator_t<Rng>), tag::out(O)>
    copy(Rng&& rng, O result);

template <InputIterator I, WeaklyIncrementable O>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<I, O>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(I), tag::out(O)>
    copy_n(I first, difference_type_t<I> n, O result);

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, WeaklyIncrementable O, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<I, O>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(I), tag::out(O)>
    copy_if(I first, S last, O result, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, WeaklyIncrementable O, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<iterator_t<Rng>, O>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(safe_iterator_t<Rng>), tag::out(O)>
    copy_if(Rng&& rng, O result, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <BidirectionalIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, BidirectionalIterator I2>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<I1, I2>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(I1), tag::out(I2)>
    copy_backward(I1 first, S1 last, I2 result);

template <BidirectionalRange Rng, BidirectionalIterator I>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<iterator_t<Rng>, I>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(safe_iterator_t<Rng>), tag::out(I)>
    copy_backward(Rng&& rng, I result);

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, WeaklyIncrementable O>
  requires IndirectlyMovable<I, O>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(I), tag::out(O)>
    move(I first, S last, O result);

template <InputRange Rng, WeaklyIncrementable O>
  requires IndirectlyMovable<iterator_t<Rng>, O>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(safe_iterator_t<Rng>), tag::out(O)>
    move(Rng&& rng, O result);

template <BidirectionalIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, BidirectionalIterator I2>
  requires IndirectlyMovable<I1, I2>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(I1), tag::out(I2)>
    move_backward(I1 first, S1 last, I2 result);

template <BidirectionalRange Rng, BidirectionalIterator I>
  requires IndirectlyMovable<iterator_t<Rng>, I>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(safe_iterator_t<Rng>), tag::out(I)>
    move_backward(Rng&& rng, I result);

template <ForwardIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, ForwardIterator I2, Sentinel<I2> S2>
  requires IndirectlySwappable<I1, I2>
  tagged_pair<tag::in1(I1), tag::in2(I2)>
    swap_ranges(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2);

template <ForwardRange Rng1, ForwardRange Rng2>
  requires IndirectlySwappable<iterator_t<Rng1>, iterator_t<Rng2>>
  tagged_pair<tag::in1(safe_iterator_t<Rng1>), tag::in2(safe_iterator_t<Rng2>)>
    swap_ranges(Rng1&& rng1, Rng2&& rng2);

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, WeaklyIncrementable O,
    CopyConstructible F, class Proj = identity>
  requires Writable<O, indirect_result_of_t<F&(projected<I, Proj>)>>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(I), tag::out(O)>
    transform(I first, S last, O result, F op, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, WeaklyIncrementable O, CopyConstructible F,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires Writable<O, indirect_result_of_t<F&(
    projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>)>>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(safe_iterator_t<Rng>), tag::out(O)>
    transform(Rng&& rng, O result, F op, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, InputIterator I2, Sentinel<I2> S2,
    WeaklyIncrementable O, CopyConstructible F, class Proj1 = identity,
    class Proj2 = identity>
  requires Writable<O, indirect_result_of_t<F&(projected<I1, Proj1>,
    projected<I2, Proj2>)>>
  tagged_tuple<tag::in1(I1), tag::in2(I2), tag::out(O)>
    transform(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result,
              F binary_op, Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputRange Rng1, InputRange Rng2, WeaklyIncrementable O,
    CopyConstructible F, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires Writable<O, indirect_result_of_t<F&(
    projected<iterator_t<Rng1>, Proj1>, projected<iterator_t<Rng2>, Proj2>)>>
  tagged_tuple<tag::in1(safe_iterator_t<Rng1>),
               tag::in2(safe_iterator_t<Rng2>),
               tag::out(O)>
    transform(Rng1&& rng1, Rng2&& rng2, O result,
              F binary_op, Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class T1, class T2, class Proj = identity>
  requires Writable<I, const T2&> &&
    IndirectRelation<equal_to<>, projected<I, Proj>, const T1*>
  I
    replace(I first, S last, const T1& old_value, const T2& new_value, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class T1, class T2, class Proj = identity>
  requires Writable<iterator_t<Rng>, const T2&> &&
    IndirectRelation<equal_to<>, projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>, const T1*>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    replace(Rng&& rng, const T1& old_value, const T2& new_value, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class T, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
  requires Writable<I, const T&>
  I
    replace_if(I first, S last, Pred pred, const T& new_value, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class T, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred>
  requires Writable<iterator_t<Rng>, const T&>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    replace_if(Rng&& rng, Pred pred, const T& new_value, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class T1, class T2, OutputIterator<const T2&> O,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<I, O> &&
    IndirectRelation<equal_to<>, projected<I, Proj>, const T1*>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(I), tag::out(O)>
    replace_copy(I first, S last, O result, const T1& old_value, const T2& new_value,
                 Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class T1, class T2, OutputIterator<const T2&> O,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<iterator_t<Rng>, O> &&
    IndirectRelation<equal_to<>, projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>, const T1*>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(safe_iterator_t<Rng>), tag::out(O)>
    replace_copy(Rng&& rng, O result, const T1& old_value, const T2& new_value,
                 Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class T, OutputIterator<const T&> O,
    class Proj = identity, IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<I, O>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(I), tag::out(O)>
    replace_copy_if(I first, S last, O result, Pred pred, const T& new_value,
                    Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class T, OutputIterator<const T&> O, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<iterator_t<Rng>, O>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(safe_iterator_t<Rng>), tag::out(O)>
    replace_copy_if(Rng&& rng, O result, Pred pred, const T& new_value,
                    Proj proj = Proj{});

template <class T, OutputIterator<const T&> O, Sentinel<O> S>
  O fill(O first, S last, const T& value);

template <class T, OutputRange<const T&> Rng>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    fill(Rng&& rng, const T& value);

template <class T, OutputIterator<const T&> O>
  O fill_n(O first, difference_type_t<O> n, const T& value);

template <Iterator O, Sentinel<O> S, CopyConstructible F>
  requires Invocable<F&> && Writable<O, result_of_t<F&()>>
  O generate(O first, S last, F gen);

template <class Rng, CopyConstructible F>
  requires Invocable<F&> && OutputRange<Rng, result_of_t<F&()>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    generate(Rng&& rng, F gen);

template <Iterator O, CopyConstructible F>
  requires Invocable<F&> && Writable<O, result_of_t<F&()>>
  O generate_n(O first, difference_type_t<O> n, F gen);

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class T, class Proj = identity>
  requires Permutable<I> &&
    IndirectRelation<equal_to<>, projected<I, Proj>, const T*>
  I remove(I first, S last, const T& value, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng, class T, class Proj = identity>
  requires Permutable<iterator_t<Rng>> &&
    IndirectRelation<equal_to<>, projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>, const T*>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    remove(Rng&& rng, const T& value, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
  requires Permutable<I>
    I remove_if(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred>
  requires Permutable<iterator_t<Rng>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    remove_if(Rng&& rng, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, WeaklyIncrementable O, class T,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<I, O> &&
    IndirectRelation<equal_to<>, projected<I, Proj>, const T*>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(I), tag::out(O)>
    remove_copy(I first, S last, O result, const T& value, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, WeaklyIncrementable O, class T, class Proj = identity>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<iterator_t<Rng>, O> &&
    IndirectRelation<equal_to<>, projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>, const T*>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(safe_iterator_t<Rng>), tag::out(O)>
    remove_copy(Rng&& rng, O result, const T& value, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, WeaklyIncrementable O,
    class Proj = identity, IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<I, O>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(I), tag::out(O)>
    remove_copy_if(I first, S last, O result, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, WeaklyIncrementable O, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<iterator_t<Rng>, O>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(safe_iterator_t<Rng>), tag::out(O)>
    remove_copy_if(Rng&& rng, O result, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectRelation<projected<I, Proj>> R = equal_to<>>
  requires Permutable<I>
  I unique(I first, S last, R comp = R{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectRelation<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> R = equal_to<>>
  requires Permutable<iterator_t<Rng>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    unique(Rng&& rng, R comp = R{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, WeaklyIncrementable O,
    class Proj = identity, IndirectRelation<projected<I, Proj>> R = equal_to<>>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<I, O> &&
    (ForwardIterator<I> ||
    (InputIterator<O> && Same<value_type_t<I>, value_type_t<O>>) ||
    IndirectlyCopyableStorable<I, O>)
  tagged_pair<tag::in(I), tag::out(O)>
    unique_copy(I first, S last, O result, R comp = R{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, WeaklyIncrementable O, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectRelation<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> R = equal_to<>>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<iterator_t<Rng>, O> &&
    (ForwardIterator<iterator_t<Rng>> ||
    (InputIterator<O> && Same<value_type_t<iterator_t<Rng>>, value_type_t<O>>) ||
    IndirectlyCopyableStorable<iterator_t<Rng>, O>)
  tagged_pair<tag::in(safe_iterator_t<Rng>), tag::out(O)>
    unique_copy(Rng&& rng, O result, R comp = R{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <BidirectionalIterator I, Sentinel<I> S>
  requires Permutable<I>
  I reverse(I first, S last);

template <BidirectionalRange Rng>
  requires Permutable<iterator_t<Rng>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    reverse(Rng&& rng);

template <BidirectionalIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, WeaklyIncrementable O>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<I, O>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(I), tag::out(O)> reverse_copy(I first, S last, O result);

template <BidirectionalRange Rng, WeaklyIncrementable O>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<iterator_t<Rng>, O>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(safe_iterator_t<Rng>), tag::out(O)>
    reverse_copy(Rng&& rng, O result);

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S>
  requires Permutable<I>
  tagged_pair<tag::begin(I), tag::end(I)>
    rotate(I first, I middle, S last);

template <ForwardRange Rng>
  requires Permutable<iterator_t<Rng>>
  tagged_pair<tag::begin(safe_iterator_t<Rng>),
              tag::end(safe_iterator_t<Rng>)>
    rotate(Rng&& rng, iterator_t<Rng> middle);

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, WeaklyIncrementable O>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<I, O>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(I), tag::out(O)>
    rotate_copy(I first, I middle, S last, O result);

template <ForwardRange Rng, WeaklyIncrementable O>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<iterator_t<Rng>, O>
  tagged_pair<tag::in(safe_iterator_t<Rng>), tag::out(O)>
    rotate_copy(Rng&& rng, iterator_t<Rng> middle, O result);

template <RandomAccessIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Gen>
  requires Permutable<I> &&
    UniformRandomNumberGenerator<remove_reference_t<Gen>> &&
    ConvertibleTo<result_of_t<Gen&()>, difference_type_t<I>>
  I shuffle(I first, S last, Gen&& g);

template <RandomAccessRange Rng, class Gen>
  requires Permutable<I> &&
    UniformRandomNumberGenerator<remove_reference_t<Gen>> &&
    ConvertibleTo<result_of_t<Gen&()>, difference_type_t<I>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    shuffle(Rng&& rng, Gen&& g);

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
  bool is_partitioned(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred>
  bool
    is_partitioned(Rng&& rng, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
  requires Permutable<I>
    I partition(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred>
  requires Permutable<iterator_t<Rng>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    partition(Rng&& rng, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <BidirectionalIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
  requires Permutable<I>
  I stable_partition(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <BidirectionalRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred>
  requires Permutable<iterator_t<Rng>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    stable_partition(Rng&& rng, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, WeaklyIncrementable O1, WeaklyIncrementable O2,
    class Proj = identity, IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<I, O1> && IndirectlyCopyable<I, O2>
  tagged_tuple<tag::in(I), tag::out1(O1), tag::out2(O2)>
    partition_copy(I first, S last, O1 out_true, O2 out_false, Pred pred,
                   Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, WeaklyIncrementable O1, WeaklyIncrementable O2,
    class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<iterator_t<Rng>, O1> &&
    IndirectlyCopyable<iterator_t<Rng>, O2>
  tagged_tuple<tag::in(safe_iterator_t<Rng>), tag::out1(O1), tag::out2(O2)>
    partition_copy(Rng&& rng, O1 out_true, O2 out_false, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
  I partition_point(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectUnaryPredicate<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Pred>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    partition_point(Rng&& rng, Pred pred, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
    I sort(I first, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessRange Rng, class Comp = less<>, class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<iterator_t<Rng>, Comp, Proj>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    sort(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
    I stable_sort(I first, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessRange Rng, class Comp = less<>, class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<iterator_t<Rng>, Comp, Proj>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    stable_sort(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
    I partial_sort(I first, I middle, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessRange Rng, class Comp = less<>, class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<iterator_t<Rng>, Comp, Proj>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    partial_sort(Rng&& rng, iterator_t<Rng> middle, Comp comp = Comp{},
                 Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, RandomAccessIterator I2, Sentinel<I2> S2,
    class Comp = less<>, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<I1, I2> && Sortable<I2, Comp, Proj2> &&
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<Comp, projected<I1, Proj1>, projected<I2, Proj2>>
  I2
    partial_sort_copy(I1 first, S1 last, I2 result_first, S2 result_last,
                      Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputRange Rng1, RandomAccessRange Rng2, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires IndirectlyCopyable<iterator_t<Rng1>, iterator_t<Rng2>> &&
    Sortable<iterator_t<Rng2>, Comp, Proj2> &&
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<Comp, projected<iterator_t<Rng1>, Proj1>,
      projected<iterator_t<Rng2>, Proj2>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng2>
    partial_sort_copy(Rng1&& rng, Rng2&& result_rng, Comp comp = Comp{},
                      Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<I, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  bool is_sorted(I first, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  bool
    is_sorted(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<I, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  I is_sorted_until(I first, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    is_sorted_until(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
    I nth_element(I first, I nth, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessRange Rng, class Comp = less<>, class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<iterator_t<Rng>, Comp, Proj>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    nth_element(Rng&& rng, iterator_t<Rng> nth, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class T, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<const T*, projected<I, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  I
    lower_bound(I first, S last, const T& value, Comp comp = Comp{},
                Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng, class T, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<const T*, projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    lower_bound(Rng&& rng, const T& value, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class T, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<const T*, projected<I, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  I
    upper_bound(I first, S last, const T& value, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng, class T, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<const T*, projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    upper_bound(Rng&& rng, const T& value, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class T, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<const T*, projected<I, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  tagged_pair<tag::begin(I), tag::end(I)>
    equal_range(I first, S last, const T& value, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng, class T, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<const T*, projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  tagged_pair<tag::begin(safe_iterator_t<Rng>),
              tag::end(safe_iterator_t<Rng>)>
    equal_range(Rng&& rng, const T& value, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class T, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<const T*, projected<I, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  bool
    binary_search(I first, S last, const T& value, Comp comp = Comp{},
                  Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng, class T, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<const T*, projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  bool
    binary_search(Rng&& rng, const T& value, Comp comp = Comp{},
                  Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, InputIterator I2, Sentinel<I2> S2,
    WeaklyIncrementable O, class Comp = less<>, class Proj1 = identity,
    class Proj2 = identity>
  requires Mergeable<I1, I2, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
  tagged_tuple<tag::in1(I1), tag::in2(I2), tag::out(O)>
    merge(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result,
          Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputRange Rng1, InputRange Rng2, WeaklyIncrementable O, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires Mergeable<iterator_t<Rng1>, iterator_t<Rng2>, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
  tagged_tuple<tag::in1(safe_iterator_t<Rng1>),
               tag::in2(safe_iterator_t<Rng2>),
               tag::out(O)>
    merge(Rng1&& rng1, Rng2&& rng2, O result,
          Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <BidirectionalIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
  I
    inplace_merge(I first, I middle, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <BidirectionalRange Rng, class Comp = less<>, class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<iterator_t<Rng>, Comp, Proj>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    inplace_merge(Rng&& rng, iterator_t<Rng> middle, Comp comp = Comp{},
                  Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, InputIterator I2, Sentinel<I2> S2,
    class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<I1, Proj1>, projected<I2, Proj2>> Comp = less<>>
  bool
    includes(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Comp comp = Comp{},
             Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputRange Rng1, InputRange Rng2, class Proj1 = identity,
    class Proj2 = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<iterator_t<Rng1>, Proj1>,
      projected<iterator_t<Rng2>, Proj2>> Comp = less<>>
  bool
    includes(Rng1&& rng1, Rng2&& rng2, Comp comp = Comp{},
             Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, InputIterator I2, Sentinel<I2> S2,
    WeaklyIncrementable O, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires Mergeable<I1, I2, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
  tagged_tuple<tag::in1(I1), tag::in2(I2), tag::out(O)>
    set_union(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result, Comp comp = Comp{},
              Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputRange Rng1, InputRange Rng2, WeaklyIncrementable O,
    class Comp = less<>, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires Mergeable<iterator_t<Rng1>, iterator_t<Rng2>, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
  tagged_tuple<tag::in1(safe_iterator_t<Rng1>),
               tag::in2(safe_iterator_t<Rng2>),
               tag::out(O)>
    set_union(Rng1&& rng1, Rng2&& rng2, O result, Comp comp = Comp{},
              Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, InputIterator I2, Sentinel<I2> S2,
    WeaklyIncrementable O, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires Mergeable<I1, I2, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
  O
    set_intersection(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result,
                     Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputRange Rng1, InputRange Rng2, WeaklyIncrementable O,
    class Comp = less<>, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires Mergeable<iterator_t<Rng1>, iterator_t<Rng2>, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
  O
    set_intersection(Rng1&& rng1, Rng2&& rng2, O result,
                     Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, InputIterator I2, Sentinel<I2> S2,
    WeaklyIncrementable O, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires Mergeable<I1, I2, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
  tagged_pair<tag::in1(I1), tag::out(O)>
    set_difference(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result,
                   Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputRange Rng1, InputRange Rng2, WeaklyIncrementable O,
    class Comp = less<>, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires Mergeable<iterator_t<Rng1>, iterator_t<Rng2>, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
  tagged_pair<tag::in1(safe_iterator_t<Rng1>), tag::out(O)>
    set_difference(Rng1&& rng1, Rng2&& rng2, O result,
                   Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, InputIterator I2, Sentinel<I2> S2,
    WeaklyIncrementable O, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires Mergeable<I1, I2, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
  tagged_tuple<tag::in1(I1), tag::in2(I2), tag::out(O)>
    set_symmetric_difference(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result,
                             Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{},
                             Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputRange Rng1, InputRange Rng2, WeaklyIncrementable O,
    class Comp = less<>, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
  requires Mergeable<iterator_t<Rng1>, iterator_t<Rng2>, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
  tagged_tuple<tag::in1(safe_iterator_t<Rng1>),
               tag::in2(safe_iterator_t<Rng2>),
               tag::out(O)>
    set_symmetric_difference(Rng1&& rng1, Rng2&& rng2, O result, Comp comp = Comp{},
                             Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <RandomAccessIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
  I push_heap(I first, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj == Proj{});

template <RandomAccessRange Rng, class Comp = less<>, class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<iterator_t<Rng>, Comp, Proj>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    push_heap(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
  I pop_heap(I first, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessRange Rng, class Comp = less<>, class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<iterator_t<Rng>, Comp, Proj>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    pop_heap(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
  I make_heap(I first, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessRange Rng, class Comp = less<>, class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<iterator_t<Rng>, Comp, Proj>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    make_heap(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
  I sort_heap(I first, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessRange Rng, class Comp = less<>, class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<iterator_t<Rng>, Comp, Proj>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    sort_heap(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<I, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  bool is_heap(I first, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  bool
    is_heap(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<I, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  I is_heap_until(I first, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <RandomAccessRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    is_heap_until(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <class T, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<const T*, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  constexpr const T& min(const T& a, const T& b, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <Copyable T, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<const T*, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  constexpr T min(initializer_list<T> t, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  requires Copyable<value_type_t<iterator_t<Rng>>>
  value_type_t<iterator_t<Rng>>
    min(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <class T, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<const T*, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  constexpr const T& max(const T& a, const T& b, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <Copyable T, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<const T*, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  constexpr T max(initializer_list<T> t, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  requires Copyable<value_type_t<iterator_t<Rng>>>
  value_type_t<iterator_t<Rng>>
    max(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <class T, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<const T*, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  constexpr tagged_pair<tag::min(const T&), tag::max(const T&)>
    minmax(const T& a, const T& b, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <Copyable T, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<const T*, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  constexpr tagged_pair<tag::min(T), tag::max(T)>
    minmax(initializer_list<T> t, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  requires Copyable<value_type_t<iterator_t<Rng>>>
  tagged_pair<tag::min(value_type_t<iterator_t<Rng>>),
              tag::max(value_type_t<iterator_t<Rng>>)>
    minmax(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<I, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  I min_element(I first, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    min_element(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<I, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  I max_element(I first, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  safe_iterator_t<Rng>
    max_element(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<I, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  tagged_pair<tag::min(I), tag::max(I)>
    minmax_element(I first, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <ForwardRange Rng, class Proj = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<iterator_t<Rng>, Proj>> Comp = less<>>
  tagged_pair<tag::min(safe_iterator_t<Rng>),
              tag::max(safe_iterator_t<Rng>)>
    minmax_element(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <InputIterator I1, Sentinel<I1> S1, InputIterator I2, Sentinel<I2> S2,
    class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<I1, Proj1>, projected<I2, Proj2>> Comp = less<>>
  bool
    lexicographical_compare(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
                            Comp comp = Comp{},
                            Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <InputRange Rng1, InputRange Rng2, class Proj1 = identity,
    class Proj2 = identity,
    IndirectStrictWeakOrder<projected<iterator_t<Rng1>, Proj1>,
      projected<iterator_t<Rng2>, Proj2>> Comp = less<>>
  bool
    lexicographical_compare(Rng1&& rng1, Rng2&& rng2, Comp comp = Comp{},
                            Proj1 proj1 = Proj1{}, Proj2 proj2 = Proj2{});

template <BidirectionalIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
  bool next_permutation(I first, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <BidirectionalRange Rng, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<iterator_t<Rng>, Comp, Proj>
  bool
    next_permutation(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <BidirectionalIterator I, Sentinel<I> S, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
  bool prev_permutation(I first, S last, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

template <BidirectionalRange Rng, class Comp = less<>,
    class Proj = identity>
  requires Sortable<iterator_t<Rng>, Comp, Proj>
  bool
    prev_permutation(Rng&& rng, Comp comp = Comp{}, Proj proj = Proj{});

}}}}