> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.pinot.apache.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.pinot.apache.org/functions/array.md).
# Array Functions
***
## Array Aggregation
### arrayAgg
#### **Description**:
Concatenates the input values into an array. Optionally removes duplicates when isDistinct is set to true. This function is commonly used to aggregate multiple rows into a single array grouped by a dimension.
#### **Signature**:
```sql
ARRAY_AGG(dataColumn, 'dataType' [, isDistinct])
```
#### **Arguments**:
* dataColumn - The input column or expression to aggregate. Can be a scalar or an array type.
* 'dataType' - The element type of the resulting array. Must be a string literal (for example, 'STRING', 'INT', 'LONG', 'DOUBLE', 'BIG\_DECIMAL', or 'BYTES').
* isDistinct *(optional) -* Boolean flag to include only distinct elements. Defaults to false.
#### **Returns**:
An array of the specified dataType containing all aggregated values.
#### Example:
1. Aggregate scalar values into an array
```sql
SELECT ARRAY_AGG(firstName, 'STRING', true) AS firstNames
FROM transcript;
```
**Results**:
```sql
firstNames
-----------
["Bob", "Nick", "Lucy"]
```
2. Aggregate array values across rows
```sql
SELECT ARRAY_AGG(tags, 'STRING') AS allTags
FROM articles;
```
**Results**:
```sql
allTags
-------------------------------------
["news", "ai", "pinot", "open-source"]
```
#### Notes:
* When the input column is an array, all sub-arrays are flattened before aggregation.
* When isDistinct is true, duplicate elements are removed from the final array.
* The order of elements in the output array is not guaranteed.
* Supports both scalar and array input types for `INT`, `LONG`, `FLOAT`, `DOUBLE`, `BIG_DECIMAL`, `STRING`, and `BYTES`.
***
### LISTAGG
#### Description:
Concatenates the input values into a single string, with an optional delimiter.
Similar to ARRAY\_AGG, but produces a string instead of an array.
LISTAGG is useful for generating comma-separated lists or other delimited strings from multiple rows.
#### Signature:
```sql
LISTAGG(dataColumn [, delimiter] [, isDistinct])
```
#### Arguments:
* dataColumn — The input column or expression to concatenate.
* delimiter *(optional)* — A string used to separate values in the output. Defaults to ','.
* isDistinct *(optional)* — Boolean flag to include only distinct elements. Defaults to false.
#### Returns:
A single concatenated STRING containing all values (optionally distinct), separated by the given delimiter.
#### Examples:
1. Concatenate names with commas
```sql
SELECT LISTAGG(firstName, ', ', true) AS allNames
FROM transcript;
```
**Result**:
```sql
allNames
-------------------
Bob, Nick, Lucy
```
2. Concatenate array input
```sql
SELECT LISTAGG(tags, '|') AS tagList
FROM articles;
```
**Result**:
```sql
tagList
------------------------
news|ai|pinot|open-source
```
#### Notes:
* If the input column is an array, all sub-arrays are flattened before concatenation.
* When isDistinct is true, duplicate values are removed before joining.
* The output order of elements is not guaranteed.
* The delimiter argument is optional; default is a comma ','.
***
### sumArrayLong
#### Description:
Computes the sum of all elements in an array of LONG (or integer-compatible) values across all input rows.
This function is useful for aggregating numeric arrays, such as metrics or counters, into a single scalar value.
#### Signature:
```sql
sumArrayLong(arrayColumn)
```
#### Arguments:
* arrayColumn — Input column containing arrays of numeric (LONG or INT) values.
#### Returns:
A LONG representing the sum of all elements across all arrays in the group.
#### Examples:
1. Sum elements of arrays across rows
```sql
SELECT sumArrayLong(values) AS totalSum
FROM metrics;
```
**Input**:
```sql
values
-------
[1, 2, 3]
[4, 5, 6]
```
**Result**:
```sql
totalSum
---------
21
```
2. With GROUP BY
```sql
SELECT category, sumArrayLong(values) AS total
FROM metrics
GROUP BY category;
```
**Result**:
```sql
category | total
----------|------
A | 15
B | 27
```
#### Notes:
* NULL and empty arrays are ignored.
* All numeric values are coerced to LONG before summation.
* If any element is non-numeric, the query will fail.
***
### sumArrayDouble
#### Description:
Computes the sum of all elements in an array of DOUBLE (floating-point) values across all input rows.
This is the double-precision variant of sumArrayLong, and is typically used for aggregating numeric arrays with decimal values, such as scores, probabilities, or weights.
#### Signature:
```sql
sumArrayDouble(arrayColumn)
```
#### Arguments:
* arrayColumn — Input column containing arrays of numeric (DOUBLE or FLOAT) values.
#### Returns:
A DOUBLE representing the sum of all elements across all arrays in the group.
#### Examples:
1. Sum elements of arrays across rows
```sql
SELECT sumArrayDouble(weights) AS totalWeight
FROM model_output;
```
Input:
```sql
weights
------------
[1.2, 0.8]
[2.5, 3.0]
```
Result:
```sql
totalWeight
------------
7.5
```
2. With GROUP BY
```sql
SELECT experimentId, sumArrayDouble(scores) AS totalScore
FROM results
GROUP BY experimentId;
```
#### Notes:
* NULL and empty arrays are ignored.
* All numeric elements are coerced to DOUBLE before summation.
* Use sumArrayLong for integer data to avoid type conversion overhead.
***
## Array Filtering
### filterMv
Evaluates each element of a multi-value column against a predicate and returns a filtered multi-value array containing only elements that satisfy the condition.
**Signature**: `filterMv(mvColumn, 'predicate')`
**Supported Operators**: `=`, `!=`, `>`, `>=`, `<`, `<=`, `IN`, `NOT IN`, `BETWEEN`, `REGEXP_LIKE`, and logical operators `AND`, `OR`, `NOT`
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT filterMv(stringArrayCol, 'REGEXP_LIKE(v, ''^/api/.*'')')
FROM myTable
LIMIT 10
```
**Notes**:
* The predicate must use `v` as the placeholder for the element being evaluated.
* Useful for element-level filtering without requiring `CROSS JOIN UNNEST`.
For more details, see [filterMv](/functions/array/filtermv.md).
## Array Reversal
### arrayReverseInt
**Description**: Reverses the order of elements in an integer array.\
**Syntax**: `arrayReverseInt(int_array)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayReverseInt(ARRAY[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
-- Result: [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
```
### arrayReverseString
**Description**: Reverses the order of elements in a string array.\
**Syntax**: `arrayReverseString(string_array)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayReverseString(ARRAY['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']);
-- Result: ['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']
```
***
## Array Sorting
### arraySortInt
**Description**: Sorts an integer array in ascending order.\
**Syntax**: `arraySortInt(int_array)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arraySortInt(ARRAY[4, 1, 3, 5, 2]);
-- Result: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
```
### arraySortString
**Description**: Sorts a string array lexicographically.\
**Syntax**: `arraySortString(string_array)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arraySortString(ARRAY['banana', 'apple', 'cherry']);
-- Result: ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
```
***
## Array Index Operations
### arrayIndexOfInt
**Description**: Returns the first 0-based index of an integer value.\
**Syntax**: `arrayIndexOfInt(int_array, value)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayIndexOfInt(ARRAY[10, 20, 3, 40], 3);
-- Result: 2
```
### arrayIndexOfString
**Description**: Returns the first 0-based index of a string value.\
**Syntax**: `arrayIndexOfString(string_array, value)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayIndexOfString(ARRAY['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'], 'cherry');
-- Result: 2
```
### arrayIndexesOfInt
**Description**: Returns all indices of an integer value.\
**Syntax**: `arrayIndexesOfInt(int_array, value)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayIndexesOfInt(ARRAY[5, 3, 5, 2, 5], 5);
-- Result: [0, 2, 4]
```
### arrayIndexesOfLong
**Description**: Returns all indices of a long value.\
**Syntax**: `arrayIndexesOfLong(long_array, value)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayIndexesOfLong(ARRAY[5000000000, 3000000000, 5000000000], 5000000000);
-- Result: [0, 2]
```
### arrayIndexesOfFloat
**Description**: Returns all indices of a float value.\
**Syntax**: `arrayIndexesOfFloat(float_array, value)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayIndexesOfFloat(ARRAY[1.5, 3.0, 1.5], 1.5);
-- Result: [0, 2]
```
### arrayIndexesOfDouble
**Description**: Returns all indices of a double value.\
**Syntax**: `arrayIndexesOfDouble(double_array, value)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayIndexesOfDouble(ARRAY[123.456, 789.012, 123.456], 123.456);
-- Result: [0, 2]
```
### arrayIndexesOfString
**Description**: Returns all indices of a string value.\
**Syntax**: `arrayIndexesOfString(string_array, value)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayIndexesOfString(ARRAY['a', 'b', 'a'], 'a');
-- Result: [0, 2]
```
***
## Array Intersection
### intersectIndices
**Description**: Returns common indices between two sorted integer arrays.\
**Syntax**: `intersectIndices(array1, array2)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT intersectIndices(ARRAY[1, 3, 5], ARRAY[3, 5]);
-- Result: [3, 5]
```
***
### arraysOverlap
**Description**:
Returns true if the two input arrays have at least one element in common, and false otherwise.
This function is useful for checking whether two arrays share any overlapping values — for example, to test whether a user’s assigned tags intersect with a set of filter tags.\\
Supported array element types: `INT`, `LONG`, `FLOAT`, `DOUBLE`, `BIG_DECIMAL`, `STRING`, and `BYTES`.
**Syntax**:
`arraysOverlap(array1, array2)`\\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arraysOverlap(ARRAY[1, 3, 5], ARRAY[3, 5]);
-- Result: true
```
***
## Array Contains
### arrayContainsInt
**Description**: Checks if an integer array contains a value.\
**Syntax**: `arrayContainsInt(int_array, value)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayContainsInt(ARRAY[3, 7, 9], 7);
-- Result: true
```
### arrayContainsString
**Description**: Checks if a string array contains a value.\
**Syntax**: `arrayContainsString(string_array, value)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayContainsString(ARRAY['apple', 'banana'], 'apple');
-- Result: true
```
***
## Array Slicing
### arraySliceInt
**Description**: Extracts a subarray (start inclusive, end exclusive).\
**Syntax**: `arraySliceInt(int_array, start, end)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arraySliceInt(ARRAY[10, 20, 30, 40], 1, 3);
-- Result: [20, 30]
```
### arraySliceLong
**Description**: Extracts a LONG subarray (start inclusive, end exclusive).\
**Syntax**: `arraySliceLong(long_array, start, end)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arraySliceLong(ARRAY[10000000000, 20000000000, 30000000000, 40000000000], 1, 3);
-- Result: [20000000000, 30000000000]
```
### arraySliceString
**Description**: Extracts a string subarray.\
**Syntax**: `arraySliceString(string_array, start, end)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arraySliceString(ARRAY['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 0, 2);
-- Result: ['a', 'b']
```
***
## Array Distinct
### arrayDistinctInt
**Description**: Removes duplicate integers.\
**Syntax**: `arrayDistinctInt(int_array)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayDistinctInt(ARRAY[1, 2, 2, 3, 1]);
-- Result: [1, 2, 3]
```
### arrayDistinctString
**Description**: Removes duplicate strings.\
**Syntax**: `arrayDistinctString(string_array)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayDistinctString(ARRAY['apple', 'banana', 'apple']);
-- Result: ['apple', 'banana']
```
***
## Array Remove
### arrayRemoveInt
**Description**: Removes the first occurrence of an integer.\
**Syntax**: `arrayRemoveInt(int_array, value)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayRemoveInt(ARRAY[2, 4, 2, 6], 2);
-- Result: [4, 2, 6]
```
### arrayRemoveString
**Description**: Removes the first occurrence of a string.\
**Syntax**: `arrayRemoveString(string_array, value)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayRemoveString(ARRAY['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'], 'banana');
-- Result: ['apple', 'cherry']
```
***
## Array Union
### arrayUnionInt
**Description**: Combines two integer arrays with unique values.\
**Syntax**: `arrayUnionInt(array1, array2)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayUnionInt(ARRAY[1, 2], ARRAY[2, 3]);
-- Result: [1, 2, 3]
```
### arrayUnionString
**Description**: Combines two string arrays with unique values.\
**Syntax**: `arrayUnionString(array1, array2)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayUnionString(ARRAY['a', 'b'], ARRAY['b', 'c']);
-- Result: ['a', 'b', 'c']
```
***
## Array Concatenation
### arrayConcatInt
**Description**: Concatenates two integer arrays.\
**Syntax**: `arrayConcatInt(array1, array2)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayConcatInt(ARRAY[1, 2], ARRAY[3, 4]);
-- Result: [1, 2, 3, 4]
```
### arrayConcatLong
**Description**: Concatenates two long arrays.\
**Syntax**: `arrayConcatLong(array1, array2)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayConcatLong(ARRAY[1000000000, 2000000000], ARRAY[3000000000]);
-- Result: [1000000000, 2000000000, 3000000000]
```
### arrayConcatFloat
**Description**: Concatenates two float arrays.\
**Syntax**: `arrayConcatFloat(array1, array2)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayConcatFloat(ARRAY[1.5, 2.0], ARRAY[3.5]);
-- Result: [1.5, 2.0, 3.5]
```
### arrayConcatDouble
**Description**: Concatenates two double arrays.\
**Syntax**: `arrayConcatDouble(array1, array2)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayConcatDouble(ARRAY[123.456], ARRAY[789.012]);
-- Result: [123.456, 789.012]
```
### arrayConcatString
**Description**: Concatenates two string arrays.\
**Syntax**: `arrayConcatString(array1, array2)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayConcatString(ARRAY['a', 'b'], ARRAY['c']);
-- Result: ['a', 'b', 'c']
```
***
## Array Push
### arrayPushBack
**Description**: Returns a new array with one element appended to the end.
**Supported variants**:
* `arrayPushBackInt(array, element)`
* `arrayPushBackLong(array, element)`
* `arrayPushBackFloat(array, element)`
* `arrayPushBackDouble(array, element)`
* `arrayPushBackString(array, element)`
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayPushBackInt(intArray, 7)
```
If `intArray` is `[3, 2, 10, 6, 1, 12]`, the result is `[3, 2, 10, 6, 1, 12, 7]`.
```sql
SELECT arrayPushBackString(stringArray, 'x')
```
If `stringArray` is `['3', '2', '10', '6', '1', '12']`, the result is `['3', '2', '10', '6', '1', '12', 'x']`.
### arrayPushFront
**Description**: Returns a new array with one element inserted at the beginning.
**Supported variants**:
* `arrayPushFrontInt(array, element)`
* `arrayPushFrontLong(array, element)`
* `arrayPushFrontFloat(array, element)`
* `arrayPushFrontDouble(array, element)`
* `arrayPushFrontString(array, element)`
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayPushFrontInt(intArray, 7)
```
If `intArray` is `[3, 2, 10, 6, 1, 12]`, the result is `[7, 3, 2, 10, 6, 1, 12]`.
```sql
SELECT arrayPushFrontString(stringArray, 'x')
```
If `stringArray` is `['3', '2', '10', '6', '1', '12']`, the result is `['x', '3', '2', '10', '6', '1', '12']`.
***
## Array Element Access
### arrayElementAtInt
**Description**: Returns the 1-indexed integer element.\
**Syntax**: `arrayElementAtInt(array, index)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayElementAtInt(ARRAY[10, 20, 30], 2);
-- Result: 20
```
### arrayElementAtLong
**Description**: Returns the 1-indexed long element.\
**Syntax**: `arrayElementAtLong(array, index)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayElementAtLong(ARRAY[1000000000, 2000000000], 1);
-- Result: 1000000000
```
### arrayElementAtFloat
**Description**: Returns the 1-indexed float element.\
**Syntax**: `arrayElementAtFloat(array, index)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayElementAtFloat(ARRAY[1.5, 2.0], 2);
-- Result: 2.0
```
### arrayElementAtDouble
**Description**: Returns the 1-indexed double element.\
**Syntax**: `arrayElementAtDouble(array, index)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayElementAtDouble(ARRAY[123.456, 789.012], 1);
-- Result: 123.456
```
### arrayElementAtString
**Description**: Returns the 1-indexed string element.\
**Syntax**: `arrayElementAtString(array, index)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayElementAtString(ARRAY['alpha', 'beta', 'gamma'], 1);
-- Result: 'alpha'
```
***
## Array Summation
### arraySumInt
**Description**: Sums all integers in an array.\
**Syntax**: `arraySumInt(int_array)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arraySumInt(ARRAY[1, 2, 3, 4]);
-- Result: 10
```
### arraySumLong
**Description**: Sums all longs in an array.\
**Syntax**: `arraySumLong(long_array)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arraySumLong(ARRAY[1000000000, 2000000000]);
-- Result: 3000000000
```
***
## Array Construction
### arrayValueConstructor
**Description**: Constructs an array from elements.\
**Syntax**: `array(element1, element2, ...)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT array(1, 2, 3) AS int_array, array('a', 'b') AS str_array;
-- Result:
-- int_array = [1, 2, 3]
-- str_array = ['a', 'b']
```
***
## Array Generation
### generateIntArray
**Description**: Generates an integer sequence.\
**Syntax**: `generateIntArray(start, end, increment)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT generateIntArray(1, 5, 2);
-- Result: [1, 3, 5]
```
### generateLongArray
**Description**: Generates a long sequence.\
**Syntax**: `generateLongArray(start, end, increment)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT generateLongArray(100, 300, 100);
-- Result: [100, 200, 300]
```
### generateFloatArray
**Description**: Generates a float sequence.\
**Syntax**: `generateFloatArray(start, end, increment)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT generateFloatArray(0.5, 2.0, 0.5);
-- Result: [0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0]
```
### generateDoubleArray
**Description**: Generates a double sequence.\
**Syntax**: `generateDoubleArray(start, end, increment)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT generateDoubleArray(1.0, 2.5, 0.5);
-- Result: [1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5]
```
***
## String Conversion
### arrayToString (2-argument)
**Description**: Joins elements with a delimiter.\
**Syntax**: `arrayToString(string_array, delimiter)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayToString(ARRAY['red', 'green', 'blue'], ',');
-- Result: 'red,green,blue'
```
### arrayToString (3-argument)
**Description**: Joins elements with null replacement.\
**Syntax**: `arrayToString(string_array, delimiter, nullString)`\
**Example**:
```sql
SELECT arrayToString(ARRAY['foo', NULL, 'bar'], '|', 'NA');
-- Result: 'foo|NA|bar'
```
## Additional Reference Pages
| Function | Function |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
| [ARRAY\_AGG](/functions/array/array_agg.md) | [arrayConcatDouble](/functions/array/arrayconcatdouble.md) |
| [arrayConcatFloat](/functions/array/arrayconcatfloat.md) | [arrayConcatInt](/functions/array/arrayconcatint.md) |
| [arrayConcatLong](/functions/array/arrayconcatlong.md) | [arrayConcatString](/functions/array/arrayconcatstring.md) |
| [arrayContainsInt](/functions/array/arraycontainsint.md) | [arrayContainsString](/functions/array/arraycontainsstring.md) |
| [arrayDistinctInt](/functions/array/arraydistinctint.md) | [arrayDistinctString](/functions/array/arraydistinctstring.md) |
| [arrayIndexOfInt](/functions/array/arrayindexofint.md) | [arrayIndexOfString](/functions/array/arrayindexofstring.md) |
| [ARRAYLENGTH](/functions/array/arraylength.md) | [arraysOverlap](/functions/array/arraysoverlap.md) |
| [arrayPushBack](/functions/array/arraypushback.md) | [arrayPushFront](/functions/array/arraypushfront.md) |
| [arrayToString](/functions/array/arraytostring.md) | [arrayRemoveInt](/functions/array/arrayremoveint.md) |
| [arrayRemoveString](/functions/array/arrayremovestring.md) | [arrayReverseInt](/functions/array/arrayreverseint.md) |
| [arrayReverseString](/functions/array/arrayreversestring.md) | [arraySliceInt](/functions/array/arraysliceint.md) |
| [arraySliceLong](/functions/array/arrayslicelong.md) | [arraySliceString](/functions/array/arrayslicestring.md) |
| [arraySortInt](/functions/array/arraysortint.md) | [arraySortString](/functions/array/arraysortstring.md) |
| [arrayUnionInt](/functions/array/arrayunionint.md) | [arrayUnionString](/functions/array/arrayunionstring.md) |
| [isEqualSet](/functions/array/isequalset.md) | |
---
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