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std::ranges::lexicographical_compare

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Algorithm library
Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges (C++20)
Constrained algorithms, e.g. ranges::copy, ranges::sort, ...
Non-modifying sequence operations    
Batch operations
(C++17)
Search operations
Modifying sequence operations
Copy operations
(C++11)
(C++11)
Swap operations
Transformation operations
Generation operations
Removing operations
Order-changing operations
(until C++17)(C++11)
(C++20)(C++20)
Sampling operations
(C++17)

Sorting and related operations
Partitioning operations
(C++11)    

Sorting operations
Binary search operations
(on partitioned ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Merge operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
(C++11)
(C++17)
Lexicographical comparison operations
Permutation operations


 
Constrained algorithms
All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
Fold operations (Helper templates)
Modifying sequence operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
       
       
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
       
       
Permutation operations
Specialized <memory> algorithms
Return types
 
Defined in header <algorithm>
Call signature
template< std::input_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,
          std::input_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2,
          class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity,
          std::indirect_strict_weak_order
              <std::projected<I1, Proj1>,
               std::projected<I2, Proj2>> Comp = ranges::less >
constexpr bool lexicographical_compare
    ( I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
      Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} );
(1) (since C++20)
template< ranges::input_range R1, ranges::input_range R2,
          class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity,
          std::indirect_strict_weak_order
              <std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, Proj1>,
               std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R2>, Proj2>> Comp =
                   ranges::less >
constexpr bool lexicographical_compare
    ( R1&& r1, R2&& r2,
      Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} );
(2) (since C++20)
template< /*execution-policy*/ Ep,
          std::random_access_iterator I1, std::sized_sentinel_for<I1> S1,
          std::random_access_iterator I2, std::sized_sentinel_for<I2> S2,
          class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity,
          std::indirect_strict_weak_order
              <std::projected<I1, Proj1>,
               std::projected<I2, Proj2>> Comp = ranges::less >
bool lexicographical_compare
    ( Ep&& policy, I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
      Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} );
(3) (since C++26)
template< /*execution-policy*/ Ep,
          /*sized-random-access-range*/ R1, /*sized-random-access-range*/ R2,
          class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity,
          std::indirect_strict_weak_order
              <std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, Proj1>,
               std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R2>, Proj2>> Comp =
                   ranges::less >
bool lexicographical_compare
    ( Ep&& policy, R1&& r1, R2&& r2,
      Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} );
(4) (since C++26)

For the definition of /*execution-policy*/, see this page; for the definition of /*sized-random-access-range*/, see this page.

1,2) Checks if the first target range [first1, last1) or r1 is lexicographically less than the second target range [first2, last2) or r2. Elements of the two ranges are projected by proj1 and proj2 respectively, and compared using comp.
3,4) Same as (1,2), but executed according to policy.

Lexicographical comparison is an operation with the following properties:

  • Two empty ranges are lexicographically equal.
  • An empty range is lexicographically less than any non-empty range.
  • Non-empty ranges are compared element by element:
    • The first pair of mismatching elements defines which range is lexicographically less or greater than the other.
    • If two ranges have equivalent elements and are of the same length, then the ranges are lexicographically equal.
    • If one range is a prefix of another, the shorter range is lexicographically less than the other.

The function-like entities described on this page are algorithm function objects (informally known as niebloids), that is:

Parameters

first1, last1 - the iterator-sentinel pair defining the first target range
r1 - the first target range
first2, last2 - the iterator-sentinel pair defining the second target range
r2 - the second target range
comp - the comparator to be applied to the (projected) elements
proj1 - the projection to be applied to the elements in the first target range
proj2 - the projection to be applied to the elements in the second target range
policy - the execution policy to use

Return value

true if the first target range is lexicographically less than the second target range, otherwise false.

Complexity

Given

  • N1 as ranges::distance(first1, last1) or ranges::distance(r1),
  • N2 as ranges::distance(first2, last2) or ranges::distance(r2):
1,2) At most 2min(1,N2) applications of comp, proj1 and proj2.
3,4) 𝓞(min(1,N2)) applications of comp, proj1 and proj2.

Exceptions

3,4) During the execution process:
  • If the temporary memory resources required for parallelization are not available, std::bad_alloc is thrown.
  • If an uncaught exception is thrown while accessing objects via an algorithm argument, the behavior is determined by the execution policy (for standard policies, std::terminate is invoked).

Possible implementation

struct lexicographical_compare_fn
{
    template<std::input_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,
             std::input_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2,
             class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity,
             std::indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <std::projected<I1, Proj1>,
                  std::projected<I2, Proj2>> Comp = ranges::less>
    constexpr bool operator()(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
                              Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
    {
        for (; (first1 != last1) && (first2 != last2); ++first1, (void) ++first2)
        {
            if (std::invoke(comp, std::invoke(proj1, *first1),
                                  std::invoke(proj2, *first2)))
                return true;
            if (std::invoke(comp, std::invoke(proj2, *first2),
                                  std::invoke(proj1, *first1)))
                return false;
        }
        return (first1 == last1) && (first2 != last2);
    }
    
    template<ranges::input_range R>
    constexpr get_end(R&& r)
    {
        return ranges::end(r);
    }
    
    template<ranges::forward_range R>
    constexpr get_end(R&& r)
    {
        return ranges::next(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r));
    }
    
    template<ranges::input_range R1, ranges::input_range R2,
             class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity,
             std::indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, Proj1>,
                  std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R2>, Proj2>> Comp = ranges::less>
    constexpr bool operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Comp comp = {},
                              Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1), get_end(r1),
                       ranges::begin(r2), get_end(r2),
                       std::ref(comp), std::ref(proj1), std::ref(proj2));
    }
};

inline constexpr lexicographical_compare_fn lexicographical_compare;

Example

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <random>
#include <vector>

int main()
{
    std::vector<char> v1{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'};
    std::vector<char> v2{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'};
    
    namespace ranges = std::ranges;
    auto os = std::ostream_iterator<char>(std::cout, " ");
    
    std::mt19937 g{std::random_device{}()};
    while (not ranges::lexicographical_compare(v1, v2))
    {
        ranges::copy(v1, os);
        std::cout << ">= ";
        ranges::copy(v2, os);
        std::cout << '\n';
        
        ranges::shuffle(v1, g);
        ranges::shuffle(v2, g);
    }
    
    ranges::copy(v1, os);
    std::cout << "<  ";
    ranges::copy(v2, os);
    std::cout << '\n';
}

Possible output:

a b c d >= a b c d
d a b c >= c b d a
b d a c >= a d c b
a c d b <  c d a b

See also

compares two ranges lexicographically
(function template) [edit]
determines if two sets of elements are the same
(algorithm function object)[edit]